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<p>Early detection of SARS-CoV-2 is critical for preventing transmission. We developed a nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dot (nGQD)-based SPR biosensor to improve sensitivity and stability. nGQDs, synthesized from citric acid and urea, enhanced biomolecular binding and reduced non-specific adsorption. The nGQDs improved biomolecular binding through nitrogen functional groups, reduced non-specific adsorption, and enhanced assay performance in real-time kinetic and affinity analyses. The nGQD-based SPR chip successfully detected the RBD of the S1 subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, with a detection limit of 0.01 pg/mL in both PBS and 10% plasma. Compared to conventional methods, the nGQD-based chip showed superior sensitivity, enabling detection of low viral loads and providing valuable molecular interaction data, useful for monitoring mutations that affect infectivity. This technology supports early diagnosis, reduces false positives, and offers a promising tool for screening, outbreak control, and variant surveillance, meeting urgent needs in pandemic preparedness and public health.</p>

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Enhanced detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dot-based SPR biosensors

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月1日

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  • Nan-Fu Chiu,
  • Ming-Jung Tai,
  • Jou-Chen Lin,
  • Devi Taufiq Nurrohman,
  • Tien-Hsiung Ku

摘要

Early detection of SARS-CoV-2 is critical for preventing transmission. We developed a nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dot (nGQD)-based SPR biosensor to improve sensitivity and stability. nGQDs, synthesized from citric acid and urea, enhanced biomolecular binding and reduced non-specific adsorption. The nGQDs improved biomolecular binding through nitrogen functional groups, reduced non-specific adsorption, and enhanced assay performance in real-time kinetic and affinity analyses. The nGQD-based SPR chip successfully detected the RBD of the S1 subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, with a detection limit of 0.01 pg/mL in both PBS and 10% plasma. Compared to conventional methods, the nGQD-based chip showed superior sensitivity, enabling detection of low viral loads and providing valuable molecular interaction data, useful for monitoring mutations that affect infectivity. This technology supports early diagnosis, reduces false positives, and offers a promising tool for screening, outbreak control, and variant surveillance, meeting urgent needs in pandemic preparedness and public health.