A contemporary review on heart failure with improved ejection fraction
摘要
Heart failure is a complex condition caused by various etiologies that reduce cardiac output or increase cardiac pressures. It is classified by left ventricular ejection fraction, a key prognostic factor. New therapies, devices, and better management of secondary causes have improved outcomes. A recently identified group—those with heart failure and improved ejection fraction—shows better prognosis. This review explores its definition, causes, clinical significance, and management strategies.