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<p>Paneth cells are defensive cells in the intestinal tract, which secrete niche factors and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) to maintain&#xa0;the&#xa0;small intestinal stem cell niche and immune homeostasis. Here, we show that Vestigial-like family member 4 (VGLL4) plays a pivotal role in maintaining small intestinal homeostasis and in regulating Paneth cells. VGLL4 expression is downregulated in response to irradiation and DSS-induced colitis. Consistently, public datasets of human colitis show reduced VGLL4 expression. Loss of VGLL4 in the intestinal epithelium decreases Paneth cell numbers and AMPs production, and triggers gut microbiota dysbiosis, impairing intestinal regenerative capacity. Mechanistically, VGLL4 forms a complex with TEAD4 and ATOH1, stimulating <i>GFI1</i> expression and promoting Paneth cell differentiation. Furthermore, VGLL4 forms a complex with TEAD4 and TCF4 to induce defensin expression, thereby maintaining microbiota composition. Collectively, our findings uncover novel roles for VGLL4 in intestinal homeostasis.</p>

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VGLL4 modulates Paneth cells and sustains intestinal homeostasis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月2日

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  • Haoen Zhang,
  • Zuoyun Wang,
  • Xiaodong Wang,
  • Wentao Yu,
  • Guoying Zhang,
  • Haijiao Zhang,
  • Yi Lu,
  • Yang Sun,
  • Tiantian Lu,
  • Xiaoyu Li,
  • Ruizeng Yang,
  • Jiaqi Sun,
  • Jinjin Xu,
  • Shuo Huang,
  • Xueyan Ma,
  • Jiale Ren,
  • Nan Tang,
  • Zhonghua Cheng,
  • Jing Yu,
  • Fang Wei,
  • Hu Zhou,
  • Jinsong Li,
  • Jun Qin,
  • Yunyun Jin,
  • Lei Zhang

摘要

Paneth cells are defensive cells in the intestinal tract, which secrete niche factors and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) to maintain the small intestinal stem cell niche and immune homeostasis. Here, we show that Vestigial-like family member 4 (VGLL4) plays a pivotal role in maintaining small intestinal homeostasis and in regulating Paneth cells. VGLL4 expression is downregulated in response to irradiation and DSS-induced colitis. Consistently, public datasets of human colitis show reduced VGLL4 expression. Loss of VGLL4 in the intestinal epithelium decreases Paneth cell numbers and AMPs production, and triggers gut microbiota dysbiosis, impairing intestinal regenerative capacity. Mechanistically, VGLL4 forms a complex with TEAD4 and ATOH1, stimulating GFI1 expression and promoting Paneth cell differentiation. Furthermore, VGLL4 forms a complex with TEAD4 and TCF4 to induce defensin expression, thereby maintaining microbiota composition. Collectively, our findings uncover novel roles for VGLL4 in intestinal homeostasis.