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<p>Although females typically have a survival advantage, those with PTEN functional abnormalities face a higher risk of developing tumors than males. However, the differences in how each sex responds to PTEN dysfunction have rarely been studied. We use <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> to investigate how male and hermaphrodite worms respond to dysfunction of the PTEN homolog <i>daf-18</i>. Our study reveals that male worms can counterbalance the negative effects of <i>daf-18</i> deficiency, resulting in longer adult lifespan. The survival advantage depends on the loss of DAF-18 protein phosphatase activity, while its lipid phosphatase activity is dispensable. The deficiency in DAF-18 protein phosphatase activity leads to the failure of dephosphorylation of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein C18E9.2/SEC62, causing increased levels of unfolded and aggregated proteins in hermaphrodites. In contrast, males maintain proteostasis through a UNC-23/NEF-mediated protein ubiquitination and degradation process, providing them with a survival advantage. We find that sex determination is a key factor in regulating the differential expression of <i>unc-23</i> between sexes in response to <i>daf-18</i> loss. These findings highlight the unique role of the male sex determination pathway in regulating protein degradation.</p>

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Male sex determination maintains proteostasis and extends lifespan of daf-18/PTEN deficient C. elegans

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月16日

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  • Zhi Qu,
  • Lu Zhang,
  • Xue Yin,
  • Fangzhou Dai,
  • Wei Huang,
  • Yutong Zhang,
  • Dongyang Ran,
  • Shanqing Zheng

摘要

Although females typically have a survival advantage, those with PTEN functional abnormalities face a higher risk of developing tumors than males. However, the differences in how each sex responds to PTEN dysfunction have rarely been studied. We use Caenorhabditis elegans to investigate how male and hermaphrodite worms respond to dysfunction of the PTEN homolog daf-18. Our study reveals that male worms can counterbalance the negative effects of daf-18 deficiency, resulting in longer adult lifespan. The survival advantage depends on the loss of DAF-18 protein phosphatase activity, while its lipid phosphatase activity is dispensable. The deficiency in DAF-18 protein phosphatase activity leads to the failure of dephosphorylation of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein C18E9.2/SEC62, causing increased levels of unfolded and aggregated proteins in hermaphrodites. In contrast, males maintain proteostasis through a UNC-23/NEF-mediated protein ubiquitination and degradation process, providing them with a survival advantage. We find that sex determination is a key factor in regulating the differential expression of unc-23 between sexes in response to daf-18 loss. These findings highlight the unique role of the male sex determination pathway in regulating protein degradation.