<p>Extreme heat events in the Middle East have become increasingly frequent and intense due to human-driven climate change. During the Hajj pilgrimage in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, in June 2024, temperatures soared to a record-breaking 51.8 °C, resulting in the tragic deaths of at least 1300 pilgrims and over 2700 non-fatal injuries. Our analysis of future projections, tailored for the region, indicates that in a warmer climate, such hazards may become a regular occurrence. Addressing these challenges through effective climate mitigation and adaptation is essential to building resilience against future extreme heat risks.</p>

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Analysis of the 2024 Hajj heat event and future temperature extremes in Mecca

  • George Zittis,
  • Tommaso Alberti,
  • Mansour Almazroui,
  • Fatima Driouech,
  • Davide Faranda,
  • Diana Francis,
  • Panos Hadjinicolaou,
  • Mehmet Levent Kurnaz,
  • Georgia Lazoglou,
  • Grigory Nikulin,
  • Sergey Osipov,
  • Tugba Ozturk,
  • Georgiy Stenchikov,
  • Meryem Tanarhte,
  • Rashyd Zaaboul,
  • Jos Lelieveld

摘要

Extreme heat events in the Middle East have become increasingly frequent and intense due to human-driven climate change. During the Hajj pilgrimage in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, in June 2024, temperatures soared to a record-breaking 51.8 °C, resulting in the tragic deaths of at least 1300 pilgrims and over 2700 non-fatal injuries. Our analysis of future projections, tailored for the region, indicates that in a warmer climate, such hazards may become a regular occurrence. Addressing these challenges through effective climate mitigation and adaptation is essential to building resilience against future extreme heat risks.