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<p>Debris flow is a major hazard in mountainous areas, with a suspected tendency to occur at night. However, there is a lack of direct evidence supporting the nocturnal occurrence of debris flows. This study confirms the nocturnal occurrence using two independent datasets. Dataset 1 includes 295 post-disaster events across nine provinces in western China, showing 74.9% occurred at night. This supports the general impression that debris flows are more likely to occur at night across China. Dataset 2 consists of 286 debris-flow events from the field observation at Jiangjia Ravine (Yunnan, China) from 1965 to 2023. For the Dataset 2, the frequency of occurrence at night reaches 58.4% and is statistically significant at the 95% confidence interval. This long-term observational record provides direct evidence for the nocturnal occurrence of debris flows. This study provides solid evidence for the nocturnal occurrence of debris flows, aiding risk mitigation strategies.</p>

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The nocturnal occurrence of debris flows: evidence from western China

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月7日

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  • Qian Chen,
  • Dongri Song,
  • Li Wei,
  • Hu Jiang,
  • Hui Tang,
  • Yongsheng Wang

摘要

Debris flow is a major hazard in mountainous areas, with a suspected tendency to occur at night. However, there is a lack of direct evidence supporting the nocturnal occurrence of debris flows. This study confirms the nocturnal occurrence using two independent datasets. Dataset 1 includes 295 post-disaster events across nine provinces in western China, showing 74.9% occurred at night. This supports the general impression that debris flows are more likely to occur at night across China. Dataset 2 consists of 286 debris-flow events from the field observation at Jiangjia Ravine (Yunnan, China) from 1965 to 2023. For the Dataset 2, the frequency of occurrence at night reaches 58.4% and is statistically significant at the 95% confidence interval. This long-term observational record provides direct evidence for the nocturnal occurrence of debris flows. This study provides solid evidence for the nocturnal occurrence of debris flows, aiding risk mitigation strategies.