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<p>There is a critical need for precise analysis of virus–host interactions to improve our understanding of infection processes. The integration of quantitative measurements with dynamic mathematical modeling has changed how we perceive cellular infection processes, offering profound insights into how viruses function at the cellular level. Here, we systematically review target cell-limited (TCL) ordinary differential equation (ODE) models related to SARS-CoV-2. We examine the spectrum of available models from basic TCL frameworks to more complex models incorporating antiviral treatments—and highlight key findings, discuss strengths and limitations, and identify a shortage of comprehensive datasets, emphasizing structural identifiability issues.</p>

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Ordinary differential equation models of SARS-CoV-2 replication dynamics and antiviral drug efficacies

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月13日

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  • Timon Kapischke,
  • Simon T. Herrmann,
  • Luca D. Bertzbach,
  • Stephanie Pfaender,
  • Lars Kaderali

摘要

There is a critical need for precise analysis of virus–host interactions to improve our understanding of infection processes. The integration of quantitative measurements with dynamic mathematical modeling has changed how we perceive cellular infection processes, offering profound insights into how viruses function at the cellular level. Here, we systematically review target cell-limited (TCL) ordinary differential equation (ODE) models related to SARS-CoV-2. We examine the spectrum of available models from basic TCL frameworks to more complex models incorporating antiviral treatments—and highlight key findings, discuss strengths and limitations, and identify a shortage of comprehensive datasets, emphasizing structural identifiability issues.