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<p>Intensifying public concern over environmental degradation and food safety is driving urgent demand for advanced, robust monitoring systems in forests and veterinary healthcare. Forests face escalating threats from climate change, wildfires, pests and diseases, whereas livestock and companion animals require timely detection of behavioural and pathological changes to curb outbreaks and safeguard welfare. Traditional monitoring approaches remain largely target-specific, invasive, costly and ill-suited to continuous, on-site decision-making. The growing interconnectedness of forest ecosystems, livestock, companion animals and human populations further amplifies these risks through potential zoonotic spillovers and shared environmental pressures. Advances in flexible electronics now offer a powerful, non-invasive solution. By integrating electroactive materials, multimodal sensing and wireless communication, these lightweight, adaptable devices enable real-time tracking of plant physiology, animal vital signs and surrounding microenvironments directly in challenging field conditions. Emerging wearable and bioelectronic platforms, spanning leaf-mounted and stem-mounted sensors for trees, skin-conformable patches for livestock and companion animals, and advanced interfaces at cellular and subcellular scales, promise to deliver high-resolution, multiplexed data that can support proactive interventions. This Review explores these innovations, their cross-domain synergies and the technological, practical and regulatory hurdles that must be overcome to realize scalable, sustainable deployment across forestry and veterinary settings.</p>

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Flexible electronics for forest and veterinary health monitoring

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月12日

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  • Sagar Arya,
  • Martin Pumera

摘要

Intensifying public concern over environmental degradation and food safety is driving urgent demand for advanced, robust monitoring systems in forests and veterinary healthcare. Forests face escalating threats from climate change, wildfires, pests and diseases, whereas livestock and companion animals require timely detection of behavioural and pathological changes to curb outbreaks and safeguard welfare. Traditional monitoring approaches remain largely target-specific, invasive, costly and ill-suited to continuous, on-site decision-making. The growing interconnectedness of forest ecosystems, livestock, companion animals and human populations further amplifies these risks through potential zoonotic spillovers and shared environmental pressures. Advances in flexible electronics now offer a powerful, non-invasive solution. By integrating electroactive materials, multimodal sensing and wireless communication, these lightweight, adaptable devices enable real-time tracking of plant physiology, animal vital signs and surrounding microenvironments directly in challenging field conditions. Emerging wearable and bioelectronic platforms, spanning leaf-mounted and stem-mounted sensors for trees, skin-conformable patches for livestock and companion animals, and advanced interfaces at cellular and subcellular scales, promise to deliver high-resolution, multiplexed data that can support proactive interventions. This Review explores these innovations, their cross-domain synergies and the technological, practical and regulatory hurdles that must be overcome to realize scalable, sustainable deployment across forestry and veterinary settings.