<p>Olfactory perception, one of the most complex and enigmatic senses, has a crucial role in various aspects of human life. However, mimicking the extraordinary capabilities of the biological olfactory system in electronic devices remains a formidable challenge. Neuromorphic olfactory perception chips, inspired by the intricate architecture and functions of the olfactory pathway, have emerged as a promising solution. By integrating microelectronics and nanoelectronics with artificial intelligence technologies, these chips aim to replicate the ability of the human olfactory system to discriminate and recognize a vast array of odours with high sensitivity, specificity and low-power consumption. The unique features of olfactory perception, such as high-dimensional odour space and complex spatiotemporal coding, pose distinct hindrances for these chips. Researchers are leveraging memristors and spiking neural networks to enable real-time odour perception, learning and recognition. Integrating sensing, computing and memory within these chips represents a substantial leap towards efficient olfactory information processing. This interdisciplinary innovation is revolutionizing applications in environmental monitoring, food quality control, medical diagnosis and emotional communication. Developing neuromorphic olfactory chips is critical for overcoming the limitation of traditional gas sensors and for elevating olfactory machine intelligence. As research advances, neuromorphic olfactory perception chips are poised to unlock new frontiers in understanding and emulating the human sense of smell.</p>