Blockchain technology for mobile multi-robot systems

Blockchain technology generates and maintains an immutable digital ledger that records transactions between agents interacting in a peer-to-peer network. Initially developed for financial transactions between human agents, the technology could also be used across a broader spectrum of applications, providing transparency, security and trust without the need for a central authority. In this Perspective, we discuss how blockchain technology can enhance mobile multi-robot systems. This enhancement includes ensuring that autonomous robotic agents adhere to applicable laws, are identifiable and accountable for their behaviour, are capable of identifying and neutralizing malfunctioning robots and can actively participate in economic transactions for the exchange of goods and services. Discussing the first applications, we highlight the open challenges and describe the research directions that could reshape the mobile multi-robot research field in the coming decades.