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<p>Urbanization is affecting biodiversity globally. Biotic homogenization is often cited as a key consequence. However, our understanding of this phenomenon may be biased by flaws in the methods used to document it. Here we estimate compositional dissimilarity among 39 urban tree assemblages worldwide while controlling for differences among regional species pools. Our results demonstrated the absence of a distinct global pattern in urban tree homogenization or differentiation. Homogenization mainly occurred among urban tree assemblages across broad geographic distances, whereas differentiation occurred at short distances. Nonnative species were a major contributing factor to these patterns. Sharing different nonnative species contributed to differentiation at short distances, whereas sharing the same nonnative species contributed to homogenization at broad distances. Our findings reveal a scale-dependent effect of urbanization on urban tree assemblages driven by nonnative species, emphasizing the global influence of urbanization on spatial patterns of biodiversity.</p>

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Homogenization and differentiation of urban tree assemblages globally

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月23日

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  • Xudong Yang,
  • Jing Jin,
  • Xinyi Liu,
  • Frank A. La Sorte,
  • Pengbo Yan,
  • Myla F. J. Aronson,
  • Jun Yang

摘要

Urbanization is affecting biodiversity globally. Biotic homogenization is often cited as a key consequence. However, our understanding of this phenomenon may be biased by flaws in the methods used to document it. Here we estimate compositional dissimilarity among 39 urban tree assemblages worldwide while controlling for differences among regional species pools. Our results demonstrated the absence of a distinct global pattern in urban tree homogenization or differentiation. Homogenization mainly occurred among urban tree assemblages across broad geographic distances, whereas differentiation occurred at short distances. Nonnative species were a major contributing factor to these patterns. Sharing different nonnative species contributed to differentiation at short distances, whereas sharing the same nonnative species contributed to homogenization at broad distances. Our findings reveal a scale-dependent effect of urbanization on urban tree assemblages driven by nonnative species, emphasizing the global influence of urbanization on spatial patterns of biodiversity.