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<p>Urban parks are critical for biodiversity conservation within cities, yet the drivers of diversity across seasons and regions remain poorly understood. Here, using bird occurrence data from 935 parks in 186 US cities, we quantified species richness (number of species), phylogenetic diversity (diversity in shared evolutionary history) and functional diversity (diversity of traits and ecological roles) and modeled their relationships with 7 park features across seasons. Species richness increased with park area, parks closer to urban boundaries contained higher phylogenetic diversity, parks with lower habitat heterogeneity contained higher functional diversity, and parks with water contained higher species richness and phylogenetic diversity but not functional diversity. The effects of tree canopy cover varied geographically—beneficial for cities in the Intermountain West but negative in eastern cities for species richness and phylogenetic diversity, with functional diversity showing the opposite trend. To promote all aspects of avian diversity across seasons, multiple parks with variable features are required, with special consideration given to the regional and seasonal effects of tree canopy cover.</p>

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Promoting avian diversity in cities requires multiple parks with variable features

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月20日

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  • Frank A. La Sorte,
  • Bertrand Fournier,
  • Jeffrey A. G. Clark,
  • Christopher A. Lepczyk,
  • Myla F. J. Aronson

摘要

Urban parks are critical for biodiversity conservation within cities, yet the drivers of diversity across seasons and regions remain poorly understood. Here, using bird occurrence data from 935 parks in 186 US cities, we quantified species richness (number of species), phylogenetic diversity (diversity in shared evolutionary history) and functional diversity (diversity of traits and ecological roles) and modeled their relationships with 7 park features across seasons. Species richness increased with park area, parks closer to urban boundaries contained higher phylogenetic diversity, parks with lower habitat heterogeneity contained higher functional diversity, and parks with water contained higher species richness and phylogenetic diversity but not functional diversity. The effects of tree canopy cover varied geographically—beneficial for cities in the Intermountain West but negative in eastern cities for species richness and phylogenetic diversity, with functional diversity showing the opposite trend. To promote all aspects of avian diversity across seasons, multiple parks with variable features are required, with special consideration given to the regional and seasonal effects of tree canopy cover.