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<p>Heatwaves and ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) pollution threaten human and ecosystem health, with their compounding effects particularly severe in cities. While ground-based observations are indicative of urban O<sub>3</sub> pollution during heatwaves, limited vertical insights into the intensified and prolonged O<sub>3</sub> pollution hinder a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms and mitigation strategies. Here, leveraging airship vertical measurements and meteorology–chemistry coupled modeling, we reveal that heatwave-reinforced turbulence redistributes precursors vertically, altering photochemical stratification and accelerating O<sub>3</sub> production both at the surface and aloft over megacities in China. Stringent emission controls targeting nitrogen oxides could mitigate the heatwave-exacerbated O<sub>3</sub> extremes by narrowing the vertical disparity of photochemical sensitivity. Although heatwaves are projected to intensify, emission reductions due to China’s carbon neutrality pledge could alleviate urban O<sub>3</sub> pollution by 41–47% during heatwaves and help tackle the dual challenges of air pollution and global warming while enhancing the climate resilience of city clusters.</p>

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Urban meteorology–chemistry coupling in compound heat–ozone extremes

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月15日

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  • Xueyu Zhou,
  • Mengmeng Li,
  • Xin Huang,
  • Tengyu Liu,
  • Haoran Zhang,
  • Ximeng Qi,
  • Zilin Wang,
  • Yue Qin,
  • Guannan Geng,
  • Jiaping Wang,
  • Xuguang Chi,
  • Aijun Ding

摘要

Heatwaves and ozone (O3) pollution threaten human and ecosystem health, with their compounding effects particularly severe in cities. While ground-based observations are indicative of urban O3 pollution during heatwaves, limited vertical insights into the intensified and prolonged O3 pollution hinder a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms and mitigation strategies. Here, leveraging airship vertical measurements and meteorology–chemistry coupled modeling, we reveal that heatwave-reinforced turbulence redistributes precursors vertically, altering photochemical stratification and accelerating O3 production both at the surface and aloft over megacities in China. Stringent emission controls targeting nitrogen oxides could mitigate the heatwave-exacerbated O3 extremes by narrowing the vertical disparity of photochemical sensitivity. Although heatwaves are projected to intensify, emission reductions due to China’s carbon neutrality pledge could alleviate urban O3 pollution by 41–47% during heatwaves and help tackle the dual challenges of air pollution and global warming while enhancing the climate resilience of city clusters.