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<p>The supply, processing, storage and transport of carbon in inland waters have garnered considerable attention in past decades due to their ecological importance, water quality influence, and contribution to landscape carbon balance. Yet, understanding how the various sources, pathways and transformations combine into predictable downstream patterns remains elusive. Here we synthesize 40 years of research from the Krycklan Catchment Study (KCS) to advance a new framework—‘variable scale domains’ (VSD)—which describes the multiscale dynamic controls over aquatic carbon. The VSD framework identifies distinct spatial domains where either scale-dependent or patchy geomorphic properties control the supply, dynamics and transformations of major carbon forms, including dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>). By integrating scale-dependent and patchy attributes along river networks, VSD enhances the predictability of how, when and where environmental changes will alter carbon fluxes and concentrations in freshwater systems.</p>

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Variable scale domains reconcile continuous and patchy carbon dynamics in river networks

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月3日

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  • Hjalmar Laudon,
  • Jason A. Leach,
  • Tejshree Tiwari,
  • Ishi Buffam,
  • Marcus B. Wallin,
  • Anna Lupon,
  • Martin Berggren,
  • Kevin Bishop,
  • Johannes Larson,
  • Ryan A. Sponseller

摘要

The supply, processing, storage and transport of carbon in inland waters have garnered considerable attention in past decades due to their ecological importance, water quality influence, and contribution to landscape carbon balance. Yet, understanding how the various sources, pathways and transformations combine into predictable downstream patterns remains elusive. Here we synthesize 40 years of research from the Krycklan Catchment Study (KCS) to advance a new framework—‘variable scale domains’ (VSD)—which describes the multiscale dynamic controls over aquatic carbon. The VSD framework identifies distinct spatial domains where either scale-dependent or patchy geomorphic properties control the supply, dynamics and transformations of major carbon forms, including dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). By integrating scale-dependent and patchy attributes along river networks, VSD enhances the predictability of how, when and where environmental changes will alter carbon fluxes and concentrations in freshwater systems.