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<p>Blue space has been considered a key environmental determinant of metabolic health worldwide. However, the existing relevant studies have focused on only water quantity. Here we investigate the associations of water quantity and quality with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the underlying potential mechanisms. Our results show that, within 1-km buffer zones around the participants’ residence, a higher MetS risk was associated with lower water area percentage (odds ratio of 0.942 (0.895 to 0.992)) and higher frequency of appearance of black-odorous water (FABOW) (odds ratio of 1.220 (1.062 to 1.402)). At large spatial scales (3–5 km), FABOW reversed protective effects of water area percentage when water quality was poor. The association between higher FABOW and MetS risk was mediated partly by reduced moderate-to-vigorous physical activity at small scales (1–2 km) and by elevated particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter &lt;2.5 µm concentration at large scales (3–5 km). This study underscores the importance of considering water quality in assessing the health effects of blue space, advancing the progress towards several sustainable development goals (for example, good health and wellbeing, clean water and sanitation and sustainable cities and communities).</p>

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Poor water quality may reverse protective effects of blue space on metabolic health

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月31日

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  • Zhanpeng Wang,
  • Yuanyuan Shi,
  • Shujuan Yang,
  • Kun Qin,
  • Chen Li,
  • Shuhan Yang,
  • Xiaoqing Li,
  • Ying Shao,
  • Lan Zhang,
  • Bin Yu,
  • Chun Yin,
  • Peng Jia

摘要

Blue space has been considered a key environmental determinant of metabolic health worldwide. However, the existing relevant studies have focused on only water quantity. Here we investigate the associations of water quantity and quality with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the underlying potential mechanisms. Our results show that, within 1-km buffer zones around the participants’ residence, a higher MetS risk was associated with lower water area percentage (odds ratio of 0.942 (0.895 to 0.992)) and higher frequency of appearance of black-odorous water (FABOW) (odds ratio of 1.220 (1.062 to 1.402)). At large spatial scales (3–5 km), FABOW reversed protective effects of water area percentage when water quality was poor. The association between higher FABOW and MetS risk was mediated partly by reduced moderate-to-vigorous physical activity at small scales (1–2 km) and by elevated particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 µm concentration at large scales (3–5 km). This study underscores the importance of considering water quality in assessing the health effects of blue space, advancing the progress towards several sustainable development goals (for example, good health and wellbeing, clean water and sanitation and sustainable cities and communities).