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<p>Thin-film composite polyamide membranes remain the benchmark for water desalination and purification. However, conventional polyamide membranes are greatly limited by the trade-off between water permeance and ion permselectivity, but also susceptible to chlorine degradation and membrane fouling. Here we addressed these issues by molecularly creating hierarchically structured polymer nanofilms featuring polyamide/polyethylene glycol (PEG) semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPN) and interconnected hydrated micropores via macromolecule-regulated interfacial polymerization. This strategy enables controlled synthesis of nanofilms with semi-IPN architectures and tunable subnanometre-scale micropores, spanning reverse osmosis to nanofiltration. The resultant semi-IPN networks synergistically enhance water permeance and ion permselectivity to overcome the intrinsic permeability–selectivity trade-off, but also further provide superior resistance to chlorine, biofouling and mineral scaling and long-term operational stability in seawater desalination, outperforming commercial polyamide membranes. This work offers a robust platform for creating hierarchically ordered polymer networks for high-performance seawater desalination to solve the global water crisis.</p>

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Hierarchically semi-interpenetrating polymer nanofilms for high-performance seawater desalination

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月4日

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  • Yu Chen,
  • Jia Xu,
  • Kaiyuan Song,
  • Ziying Li,
  • Baiyang Chen,
  • Qijing Huang,
  • Li Yu,
  • Yue Su,
  • Ruijiao Dong

摘要

Thin-film composite polyamide membranes remain the benchmark for water desalination and purification. However, conventional polyamide membranes are greatly limited by the trade-off between water permeance and ion permselectivity, but also susceptible to chlorine degradation and membrane fouling. Here we addressed these issues by molecularly creating hierarchically structured polymer nanofilms featuring polyamide/polyethylene glycol (PEG) semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPN) and interconnected hydrated micropores via macromolecule-regulated interfacial polymerization. This strategy enables controlled synthesis of nanofilms with semi-IPN architectures and tunable subnanometre-scale micropores, spanning reverse osmosis to nanofiltration. The resultant semi-IPN networks synergistically enhance water permeance and ion permselectivity to overcome the intrinsic permeability–selectivity trade-off, but also further provide superior resistance to chlorine, biofouling and mineral scaling and long-term operational stability in seawater desalination, outperforming commercial polyamide membranes. This work offers a robust platform for creating hierarchically ordered polymer networks for high-performance seawater desalination to solve the global water crisis.