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<p>Single-atom catalysts (SACs) exhibit exceptional properties for wastewater treatment, yet their scalable and cost-effective synthesis remains a critical barrier to practical implementation. Here we report a cascade fixation self-assembly strategy for producing universal single- and dual-atom catalysts at the kilogram scale, achieving high metal loading (up to 14 wt%) while enabling ~100% selective generation of singlet oxygen for efficient antibiotic removal. The complete evolution of iron atoms during SAC synthesis and water treatment was elucidated through batch experiments, operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy and theoretical calculations, revealing near-complete utilization of the Fe source without compromising its structural integrity or catalytic activity. The stability and efficacy of Fe SACs produced at scale for antibiotic degradation was validated using a near-industrial continuous-flow reactor, with limited Fe leaching. This study establishes a practical platform for industrial-scale catalyst production while advancing the selective generation of reactive species and sustainable water purification.</p>

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Universal scalable production of single-atom catalysts for antibiotic wastewater treatment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月9日

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  • Xunheng Jiang,
  • Can Li,
  • Yue Chen,
  • Jiaqing Chen,
  • Zhongyuan Guo,
  • Qianhai Zhou,
  • Lizhong Zhu,
  • Daohui Lin,
  • Jiang Xu

摘要

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) exhibit exceptional properties for wastewater treatment, yet their scalable and cost-effective synthesis remains a critical barrier to practical implementation. Here we report a cascade fixation self-assembly strategy for producing universal single- and dual-atom catalysts at the kilogram scale, achieving high metal loading (up to 14 wt%) while enabling ~100% selective generation of singlet oxygen for efficient antibiotic removal. The complete evolution of iron atoms during SAC synthesis and water treatment was elucidated through batch experiments, operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy and theoretical calculations, revealing near-complete utilization of the Fe source without compromising its structural integrity or catalytic activity. The stability and efficacy of Fe SACs produced at scale for antibiotic degradation was validated using a near-industrial continuous-flow reactor, with limited Fe leaching. This study establishes a practical platform for industrial-scale catalyst production while advancing the selective generation of reactive species and sustainable water purification.