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<p>Population growth and urbanization are driving the demand for centralized wastewater treatment, a primary source of N<sub>2</sub>O and CH<sub>4</sub> emissions. We have conducted the first comprehensive assessment of CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O and NH<sub>3</sub> emissions across diurnal, day-to-day and seasonal scales at 96 US water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) that collectively treat 9% of US centralized wastewater. Facility-level emissions were scaled to the national level using a probabilistic approach. Here we show that the measured emissions were 1.9 times higher for N<sub>2</sub>O (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3–2.6) and 2.4 times higher for CH<sub>4</sub> (CI: 1.9–2.9) than current US inventories. Considering the cumulative climate impacts of CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O, the top 10% of emitters contributed 74% of the carbon footprint, with the top half contributing 98%, highlighting priorities for mitigation. Although detected at only a small fraction of facilities, measurements of NH<sub>3</sub> emissions (86 kt yr<sup>−1</sup> in the USA) suggest WRRFs are an overlooked source of urban NH<sub>3</sub>. Finally, the contribution of centralized wastewater treatment to global greenhouse gas emissions will increase 2- to 17-fold by 2100 under future scenarios. Overall, greater consideration of wastewater treatment emissions is needed to reach sustainability targets.</p>

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Comprehensive assessment of the contribution of wastewater treatment to urban greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月8日

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  • Daniel P. Moore,
  • Nathan P. Li,
  • Cuihong Song,
  • Jun-Jie Zhu,
  • Hongming Yi,
  • Lei Tao,
  • James McSpiritt,
  • Vladislav I. Sevostianov,
  • Lars P. Wendt,
  • Nidia E. Rojas-Robles,
  • Francesca M. Hopkins,
  • Zhiyong Jason Ren,
  • Mark A. Zondlo

摘要

Population growth and urbanization are driving the demand for centralized wastewater treatment, a primary source of N2O and CH4 emissions. We have conducted the first comprehensive assessment of CH4, N2O and NH3 emissions across diurnal, day-to-day and seasonal scales at 96 US water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) that collectively treat 9% of US centralized wastewater. Facility-level emissions were scaled to the national level using a probabilistic approach. Here we show that the measured emissions were 1.9 times higher for N2O (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3–2.6) and 2.4 times higher for CH4 (CI: 1.9–2.9) than current US inventories. Considering the cumulative climate impacts of CH4 and N2O, the top 10% of emitters contributed 74% of the carbon footprint, with the top half contributing 98%, highlighting priorities for mitigation. Although detected at only a small fraction of facilities, measurements of NH3 emissions (86 kt yr−1 in the USA) suggest WRRFs are an overlooked source of urban NH3. Finally, the contribution of centralized wastewater treatment to global greenhouse gas emissions will increase 2- to 17-fold by 2100 under future scenarios. Overall, greater consideration of wastewater treatment emissions is needed to reach sustainability targets.