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<p>Major depressive disorder (MDD) is common and disabling, yet reported brain structural differences vary across studies. Here we performed a large vertex-wise (point-by-point) meta-analysis of cortical thickness and surface area using harmonized magnetic resonance imaging processing across 64 cohorts from the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) MDD and Depression Imaging Research Consortium (DIRECT) consortia (5,736 patients; 6,538 controls). We show significantly lower cortical thickness in patients with MDD in multiple brain regions, including the inferior parietal, lateral occipital, superior parietal, medial and lateral orbitofrontal, anterior and posterior cingulate, and precentral gyri, with cortical surface area showing no significant differences. Effects were most pronounced in adults with acute depression, whereas adolescents showed no significant case–control differences. Antidepressant medication use at scanning was associated with more extensive thinning, although effect sizes remained modest (mostly |Cohen’s <i>d|</i> &lt; 0.20). This high-resolution, globally generalizable map can support studies of mechanisms and help evaluate structural markers of the clinical course and treatment response.</p>

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Vertex-wise cortical abnormalities in major depressive disorder from 64 cohorts from the DIRECT and ENIGMA MDD consortia

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • Chao-Gan Yan,
  • Zi-Han Wang,
  • Laura K. M. Han,
  • Nina Alexander,
  • Dag Alnæs,
  • Zeynep Başgöze,
  • Stéphanie E. E. C. Bauduin,
  • Jochen Bauer,
  • Francesco Benedetti,
  • Klaus Berger,
  • Bianca Besteher,
  • Tiana Borgers,
  • Robin Bülow,
  • Li-Ping Cao,
  • Guan-Mao Chen,
  • Jian-Shan Chen,
  • Si-Cheng Chen,
  • Tao Chen,
  • Tao-Lin Chen,
  • Xiao Chen,
  • Yan-Rong Chen,
  • Yu-Qi Cheng,
  • Zhao-Song Chu,
  • Romain Colle,
  • Colm G. Connolly,
  • Emmanuelle Corruble,
  • Baptiste Couvy-Duchesne,
  • Xi-Long Cui,
  • Kathryn R. Cullen,
  • Udo Dannlowski,
  • Christopher Davey,
  • Danai Dima,
  • Annemiek Dols,
  • Tracy Erwin-Grabner,
  • Jennifer W. Evans,
  • Kira Flinkenflügel,
  • Cynthia H. Y. Fu,
  • Paola Fuentes-Claramonte,
  • Qing-Lin Gao,
  • Qi-Yong Gong,
  • Ali Saffet Gönül,
  • Ian H. Gotlib,
  • Roberto Goya-Maldonado,
  • Hans J. Grabe,
  • Nynke Groenewold,
  • Dominik Grotegerd,
  • Wen-Bin Guo,
  • Tim Hahn,
  • Geoffrey B. Hall,
  • J. Paul Hamilton,
  • Ben Harrison,
  • Sean Hatton,
  • Can-Can He,
  • Marco Hermesdorf,
  • Ian B. Hickie,
  • Tiffany C. Ho,
  • Zheng-Jia-Yi Hu,
  • Qian Huang,
  • Neda Jahanshad,
  • Hamidreza Jamalabadi,
  • Alec Jamieson,
  • Xin-Lei Ji,
  • Feng-Nan Jia,
  • Toshiharu Kamishikiryo,
  • Tilo Kircher,
  • Sheri-Michelle Koopowitz,
  • Anna Kraus,
  • Axel Krug,
  • Li Kuang,
  • Jim Lagopoulos,
  • Thomas Lancaster,
  • Nils Inge Landrø,
  • Elisabeth J. Leehr,
  • Meng Li,
  • Bao-Juan Li,
  • Feng Li,
  • Hui-Xian Li,
  • Tao Li,
  • Xue-Ying Li,
  • Yi-Fan Liao,
  • Ze-Di Lin,
  • David E. J. Linden,
  • Hai-Long Liu,
  • Xiao-Yun Liu,
  • Zhe-Ning Liu,
  • Yan-Song Liu,
  • Yi-Cheng Long,
  • Jian-Ping Lu,
  • Bin Lu,
  • Frank P. MacMaster,
  • Luigi A. Maglanoc,
  • Andrew M. McIntosh,
  • Sarah Medland,
  • David M. A. Mehler,
  • Susanne Meinert,
  • Benson Mwangi,
  • Amar Ojha,
  • Go Okada,
  • Mardien L. Oudega,
  • Brenda W. J. H. Penninx,
  • Sara Poletti,
  • Edith Pomarol-Clotet,
  • Maria J. Portella,
  • Jiang Qiu,
  • Liesbeth Reneman,
  • Henning S. Rise,
  • Elena Rodriguez-Cano,
  • Matthew D. Sacchet,
  • Raymond Salvador,
  • Hendrik Schlieper,
  • Anouk Schrantee,
  • Xiao-Xiao Shan,
  • Hotaka Shinzato,
  • Tian-Mei Si,
  • Kang Sim,
  • Jair C. Soares,
  • Dan J. Stein,
  • Benjamin Straube,
  • Lachlan T. Strike,
  • Peng-Feng Sun,
  • Florian Thomas-Odenthal,
  • Sophia I. Thomopoulos,
  • Paul M. Thompson,
  • Yara Toenders,
  • Aslihan Uyar,
  • Nic J. A. van der Wee,
  • Steven J. A. van der Werff,
  • Ilya M. Veer,
  • Dick J. Veltman,
  • Henry Völzke,
  • Margot Wagenmakers,
  • Henrik Walter,
  • Martin Walter,
  • Chuan-Yue Wang,
  • Han-Lin Wang,
  • Hua-Ning Wang,
  • Xiang Wang,
  • Xin-Yu Wang,
  • Ying Wang,
  • Yu-Wei Wang,
  • Lars Tjelta Westlye,
  • Heather C. Whalley,
  • Sarah Whittle,
  • Nils R. Winter,
  • Katharina Wittfeld,
  • Mon-Ju Wu,
  • Xiao-Ping Wu,
  • Xin-Ran Wu,
  • Yan-Kun Wu,
  • Chen-Nan Wu,
  • Chun-Ming Xie,
  • Guang-Rong Xie,
  • Peng Xie,
  • Xiu-Feng Xu,
  • Zhen-Peng Xue,
  • Tony T. Yang,
  • Hong Yang,
  • Jian Yang,
  • Hua Yu,
  • Yong-Qiang Yu,
  • Min-Lan Yuan,
  • Yong-Gui Yuan,
  • Yu-Feng Zang,
  • Carlos A. Zarate,
  • Ai-Xia Zhang,
  • Ke-Rang Zhang,
  • Wei Zhang,
  • Jing-Ping Zhao,
  • Wen-Yi Zhong,
  • Jia-Jia Zhu,
  • Giovana B. Zunta-Soares,
  • Xi-Nian Zuo,
  • Elena Pozzi,
  • Lianne Schmaal

摘要

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is common and disabling, yet reported brain structural differences vary across studies. Here we performed a large vertex-wise (point-by-point) meta-analysis of cortical thickness and surface area using harmonized magnetic resonance imaging processing across 64 cohorts from the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) MDD and Depression Imaging Research Consortium (DIRECT) consortia (5,736 patients; 6,538 controls). We show significantly lower cortical thickness in patients with MDD in multiple brain regions, including the inferior parietal, lateral occipital, superior parietal, medial and lateral orbitofrontal, anterior and posterior cingulate, and precentral gyri, with cortical surface area showing no significant differences. Effects were most pronounced in adults with acute depression, whereas adolescents showed no significant case–control differences. Antidepressant medication use at scanning was associated with more extensive thinning, although effect sizes remained modest (mostly |Cohen’s d| < 0.20). This high-resolution, globally generalizable map can support studies of mechanisms and help evaluate structural markers of the clinical course and treatment response.