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<p>Acceleration of large-scale solar energy deployment can pose competition for land with biodiversity conservation areas. Solar suitability analyses (SSAs) help identify low-conflict zones for solar development, yet limited work defines which biodiversity-relevant criteria (BRCs) are essential for SSAs or whether supporting data are available. We convened a United States-based Delphi panel of practitioners with expertise in biodiversity and renewable energy to identify BRCs that are essential across SSAs (‘core’) and data- or scale-limited (‘peripheral’). Practitioners identified 16 core and 13 peripheral BRCs. Core criteria primarily aligned with regulatory frameworks, while peripheral BRCs reflected context-dependent ecological attributes lacking consistent and scalable data. Open-access data were available for 14 core criteria across 10 databases. Our assessment of US-based SSAs revealed that 10 included core BRCs. Our findings indicate a need for improved access to fine-scale biodiversity data and coordination with agencies to improve SSAs.</p>

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Practitioner perceptions of biodiversity criteria for solar suitability analyses in the United States

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月24日

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  • Daphne Condon,
  • Michael O. Levin,
  • Adam B. Smith,
  • Toni Lyn Morelli,
  • Noah Z. Krasner,
  • Emma Forester,
  • Chevon Holmes,
  • Benjamin P. Narwold,
  • Elizabeth L. Kalies,
  • Grace C. Wu,
  • Meaghan R. Gade,
  • Roland Kays,
  • Freya Robinson,
  • Rebecca R. Hernandez

摘要

Acceleration of large-scale solar energy deployment can pose competition for land with biodiversity conservation areas. Solar suitability analyses (SSAs) help identify low-conflict zones for solar development, yet limited work defines which biodiversity-relevant criteria (BRCs) are essential for SSAs or whether supporting data are available. We convened a United States-based Delphi panel of practitioners with expertise in biodiversity and renewable energy to identify BRCs that are essential across SSAs (‘core’) and data- or scale-limited (‘peripheral’). Practitioners identified 16 core and 13 peripheral BRCs. Core criteria primarily aligned with regulatory frameworks, while peripheral BRCs reflected context-dependent ecological attributes lacking consistent and scalable data. Open-access data were available for 14 core criteria across 10 databases. Our assessment of US-based SSAs revealed that 10 included core BRCs. Our findings indicate a need for improved access to fine-scale biodiversity data and coordination with agencies to improve SSAs.