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<p>Traditional perovskite research mainly focuses on thermodynamically stable structures, limiting new architecture development. Here we introduce a selective iodoplumbate cold casting (SICC) process, enabling the formation of kinetic products that correspond to local minima in the reaction energy landscape. By combining simplified precursors with room-temperature crystallization, SICC can replicate reactant compositional changes, enabling the creation of diverse structures that are unattainable with conventional methods. We present a low-dimensional corrugated structure using a cation that is typically known to form three-dimensional (3D) perovskite. In addition, kinetically stabilized <i>n</i> = 1 two-dimensional (2D) perovskite films show grain sizes equivalent to their correlation length and a mixed orientation with &gt;21% out-of-plane alignment. These features enhance vertical charge transport and provide a beneficial band alignment for 3D:2D heterostructures. The high phase purity and crystal features are also reproduced in perovskites with <i>N</i> &gt; 1. To prove SICC’s scalability, a 50-cm<sup>2</sup> 3D:2D perovskite mini-module was fabricated. This SICC-based mini-module achieved an impressive efficiency of 22.15% and a geometric fill factor of 94.36%. It also demonstrated outstanding stability, maintaining <i>T</i><sub>90</sub> for 1,200 h under maximum power point tracking conditions at ~50 °C.</p><p></p>

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Selective iodoplumbate cold casting for kinetically stabilized perovskites leading to high-efficiency photovoltaic modules

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月12日

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  • Yeoun-Woo Jang,
  • Seungmin Lee,
  • Yongseok Yoo,
  • Isaac Metcalf,
  • Hee Jeong Park,
  • Byeongjun Gil,
  • Jihun Jang,
  • Faiz Mandani,
  • Jared Fletcher,
  • Byungsoo Kang,
  • Jianlin Zhou,
  • Oui Jin Oh,
  • Seunghwan Bae,
  • Miyoung Kim,
  • Jun Hong Noh,
  • Mercouri G. Kanatzidis,
  • Jacky Even,
  • Mansoo Choi,
  • Aditya D. Mohite

摘要

Traditional perovskite research mainly focuses on thermodynamically stable structures, limiting new architecture development. Here we introduce a selective iodoplumbate cold casting (SICC) process, enabling the formation of kinetic products that correspond to local minima in the reaction energy landscape. By combining simplified precursors with room-temperature crystallization, SICC can replicate reactant compositional changes, enabling the creation of diverse structures that are unattainable with conventional methods. We present a low-dimensional corrugated structure using a cation that is typically known to form three-dimensional (3D) perovskite. In addition, kinetically stabilized n = 1 two-dimensional (2D) perovskite films show grain sizes equivalent to their correlation length and a mixed orientation with >21% out-of-plane alignment. These features enhance vertical charge transport and provide a beneficial band alignment for 3D:2D heterostructures. The high phase purity and crystal features are also reproduced in perovskites with N > 1. To prove SICC’s scalability, a 50-cm2 3D:2D perovskite mini-module was fabricated. This SICC-based mini-module achieved an impressive efficiency of 22.15% and a geometric fill factor of 94.36%. It also demonstrated outstanding stability, maintaining T90 for 1,200 h under maximum power point tracking conditions at ~50 °C.