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<p>Nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds, such as aromatic imines and aromatic oximes, are vital in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. However, their synthesis via conventional C–N coupling strategies remains dependent on fossil-derived feedstocks and energy-intensive processes. Here we report a paired electrolysis integrating lignin cleavage with subsequent C–N coupling to synthesize these compounds. The system uses a Pd<sub>1</sub>/Ti<sub>v</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-NS cathode (palladium single atoms confined in titanium vacancies on monolayer Ti<sub>v</sub>O<sub>2</sub> nanosheets) and a PbO<sub>2</sub> plate anode in phosphate electrolyte. During electrolysis, lignin-derived polyols generated by cathodic cleavage are oxidized to carbonyl intermediates at the anode while nitroarenes are reduced to amines at the cathode, enabling C–N bond formation. Using poplar lignin and nitrobenzene, an aryl imine yield of 74.6% (based on β-O-4 units) is achieved. Compatibility with various nitrogen sources, including substituted nitroaromatics and nitrogen oxides (NO<sub><i>x</i></sub>), is also investigated. This work demonstrates the possibility of using lignin as a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based synthesis of nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds.</p><p></p>

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Paired electrolysis enables selective C–N coupling for the synthesis of nitrogenous aromatics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月30日

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  • Yuanqing He,
  • Shiheng Mo,
  • Xu Zeng,
  • Yuhao Zhang,
  • Ta Thi Thuy Nga,
  • Chung-Li Dong,
  • Yulu Yang,
  • Zhuoran Lu,
  • Yajing Zhang,
  • Zhongcheng Xia,
  • Qinghua Liu,
  • Shuangyin Wang,
  • Yuqin Zou

摘要

Nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds, such as aromatic imines and aromatic oximes, are vital in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. However, their synthesis via conventional C–N coupling strategies remains dependent on fossil-derived feedstocks and energy-intensive processes. Here we report a paired electrolysis integrating lignin cleavage with subsequent C–N coupling to synthesize these compounds. The system uses a Pd1/TivO2-NS cathode (palladium single atoms confined in titanium vacancies on monolayer TivO2 nanosheets) and a PbO2 plate anode in phosphate electrolyte. During electrolysis, lignin-derived polyols generated by cathodic cleavage are oxidized to carbonyl intermediates at the anode while nitroarenes are reduced to amines at the cathode, enabling C–N bond formation. Using poplar lignin and nitrobenzene, an aryl imine yield of 74.6% (based on β-O-4 units) is achieved. Compatibility with various nitrogen sources, including substituted nitroaromatics and nitrogen oxides (NOx), is also investigated. This work demonstrates the possibility of using lignin as a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based synthesis of nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds.