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<p>Life—ranging from cellular processes to the complexities of modern societies—requires a diverse array of chemicals to function. Whereas humans have become adept at synthesizing incredible chemical diversity over the past two centuries, these practices still rely on the use (and breakdown) of fossil resources. However, the challenge of climate change makes it clear that sustainable chemical synthesis requires alternative methods and substrates. The growing abundance of carbonaceous gases in the atmosphere (in particular, carbon dioxide and methane) could serve as feedstocks for such a sustainable synthesis transition, and biological systems are adept at converting one-carbon (C1) compounds into more complex molecules. This Review discusses recent developments and future opportunities for the biosynthesis of chemicals from C1 substrates via cellular and cell-free systems. In addition to the diverse range of products synthesized using natural or designed C1 conversion pathways in vivo or in vitro, we discuss the benefits of spatio-temporal organization and hybrid catalysis to increase the efficiency of enzymatic chemical synthesis from C1 substrates.</p><p></p>

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Building complex biochemicals from one-carbon compounds

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月8日

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  • Blake J. Rasor,
  • Simone Giaveri,
  • Andreas M. Küffner,
  • Tobias J. Erb

摘要

Life—ranging from cellular processes to the complexities of modern societies—requires a diverse array of chemicals to function. Whereas humans have become adept at synthesizing incredible chemical diversity over the past two centuries, these practices still rely on the use (and breakdown) of fossil resources. However, the challenge of climate change makes it clear that sustainable chemical synthesis requires alternative methods and substrates. The growing abundance of carbonaceous gases in the atmosphere (in particular, carbon dioxide and methane) could serve as feedstocks for such a sustainable synthesis transition, and biological systems are adept at converting one-carbon (C1) compounds into more complex molecules. This Review discusses recent developments and future opportunities for the biosynthesis of chemicals from C1 substrates via cellular and cell-free systems. In addition to the diverse range of products synthesized using natural or designed C1 conversion pathways in vivo or in vitro, we discuss the benefits of spatio-temporal organization and hybrid catalysis to increase the efficiency of enzymatic chemical synthesis from C1 substrates.