<p>Although many perceptual experiments use simplified and isolated stimuli, perception and cognition unfold within richly structured spatiotemporal environments. In this Perspective, we argue that even the most fundamental perceptual functions are inherently shaped by spatial and temporal context. Drawing on converging evidence from vision, attention, memory and decision-making, we outline shared computational principles for how spatiotemporal context governs perception and cognition. We introduce the concept of spatiotemporal routines — mechanisms that integrate spatial and temporal structure to guide perception and behaviour. Within this framework, we advocate for a paradigm shift away from reductionist, context-free paradigms towards approaches that place spatiotemporal context at the core of experimental and theoretical frameworks.</p>