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<p>Self-knowledge plays a central role in contemporary psychological science across various domains, including interpersonal relationships, moral behaviour and health. Despite its importance, many fundamental questions remain. We conducted a pre-registered, expert-based consensus process to address four key gaps in research on self-knowledge: its conceptualization, measurement, outcomes and changeability. Seventeen experts from diverse subfields of psychology participated in a structured Delphi process guided by four facilitators and an external advisor. The panel developed a consensus definition of self-knowledge as the extent to which a person has accurate perceptions of their own relatively stable characteristics and momentary states. Experts further agreed that self-knowledge is largely domain-specific, context-dependent in its benefits, and malleable in principle but difficult to change in practice. Measurement was identified as a central challenge, and avenues for refinement in future work were proposed. Consensus was weaker regarding the existence of a domain-general factor of self-knowledge and shared underlying processes across domains. Overall, the findings clarify where experts converge, where debates persist and what should be prioritized in future research, providing a crucial foundation for advancing the study of self-knowledge across fields.</p>

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A Consensus Statement on self-knowledge conceptualization, measurement, outcomes and changeability

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月8日

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  • Isabel Thielmann,
  • Mitja D. Back,
  • Wiebke Bleidorn,
  • Henryk Bukowski,
  • Erika N. Carlson,
  • Michael Dufner,
  • Gabriela Hofer,
  • Wilhelm Hofmann,
  • Christopher J. Hopwood,
  • Lauren J. Human,
  • Christian H. Jordan,
  • Joachim I. Krueger,
  • Julia Langdon,
  • Richard Rau,
  • Luke D. Smillie,
  • Nina Strohminger,
  • Jessie Sun,
  • Simine Vazire,
  • Matthias Burghart,
  • Nicole Casali,
  • Alicia Seidl

摘要

Self-knowledge plays a central role in contemporary psychological science across various domains, including interpersonal relationships, moral behaviour and health. Despite its importance, many fundamental questions remain. We conducted a pre-registered, expert-based consensus process to address four key gaps in research on self-knowledge: its conceptualization, measurement, outcomes and changeability. Seventeen experts from diverse subfields of psychology participated in a structured Delphi process guided by four facilitators and an external advisor. The panel developed a consensus definition of self-knowledge as the extent to which a person has accurate perceptions of their own relatively stable characteristics and momentary states. Experts further agreed that self-knowledge is largely domain-specific, context-dependent in its benefits, and malleable in principle but difficult to change in practice. Measurement was identified as a central challenge, and avenues for refinement in future work were proposed. Consensus was weaker regarding the existence of a domain-general factor of self-knowledge and shared underlying processes across domains. Overall, the findings clarify where experts converge, where debates persist and what should be prioritized in future research, providing a crucial foundation for advancing the study of self-knowledge across fields.