<p>As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly integrated into complex decision-making environments, there is a growing need to develop AI systems that complement human capabilities. AI and humans offer distinct strengths: AI excels at processing large datasets, identifying statistical patterns and optimizing predefined objectives, whereas humans are skilled at navigating uncertainty, novelty and interpersonal challenges. The synergy between humans and AI is particularly vital in dynamic decision-making domains — such as disaster response situations — in which rapid analysis of AI results must be balanced with human judgement and ethical considerations. In this Perspective, we provide a conceptual framework to integrate human decision-making with AI, focusing on cognitive AI: a computational approach that models human cognitive processes to create AI systems that learn and make decisions in ways similar to those of humans. We discuss the elements and necessary capabilities of cognitive AI and how to realize human–AI complementarity in decision-making while considering ethical risks. By advancing these areas, researchers can lay the groundwork for adaptive and cognitively grounded human–AI teamwork that is aligned with human values and goals.</p>