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<p>Deliberation, usually referred to as ‘system 2’ thinking, is a core component of popular dual-process models of reasoning. However, the precise conceptualization of this system has received limited attention. In this Perspective, I present a framework and organizing principles with which to think about deliberation and to avoid problematic misconceptions. I argue that deliberation should be understood as serving multiple, complementary functions. I highlight four such functions: response control, response generation, response justification and regulation. Throughout, I identify challenges in current theoretical and applied concepts of deliberation. Finally, I propose guiding principles and discuss critical outstanding questions. The resulting framework should help to advance the theoretical and empirical study of deliberation in the coming years.</p>

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Defining deliberation for dual-process models of reasoning

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月19日

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  • Wim De Neys

摘要

Deliberation, usually referred to as ‘system 2’ thinking, is a core component of popular dual-process models of reasoning. However, the precise conceptualization of this system has received limited attention. In this Perspective, I present a framework and organizing principles with which to think about deliberation and to avoid problematic misconceptions. I argue that deliberation should be understood as serving multiple, complementary functions. I highlight four such functions: response control, response generation, response justification and regulation. Throughout, I identify challenges in current theoretical and applied concepts of deliberation. Finally, I propose guiding principles and discuss critical outstanding questions. The resulting framework should help to advance the theoretical and empirical study of deliberation in the coming years.