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Background <p>The gut microbiome has been linked to major depressive disorder (MDD), yet it remains unclear whether antidepressant treatment influences these associations. This study aimed to clarify the role of serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI/SNRI) in shaping gut microbiome changes observed in MDD.</p> Methods <p>We conducted cross-sectional analyses in two independent patient cohorts (total <i>N</i> = 1802) and a meta-analysis across both cohorts, comparing the gut microbiome of MDD patients with and without SSRI/SNRI treatment.</p> Results <p>Here we show that SSRI/SNRI treatment is consistently associated with reduced <i>Clostridium sensu stricto 1</i> abundance. This effect is specific to SSRI/SNRI treatment and not observed with other psychotropic medications. Importantly, reductions in <i>Clostridium sensu stricto 1</i> in MDD compared to unaffected controls are explained by SSRI/SNRI medication status.</p> Conclusions <p>Antidepressant treatment is an important factor shaping gut microbiome alterations linked to MDD, underscoring the need to account for medication effects and potentially informing future microbiome-based strategies to improve treatment response.</p>

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The effect of SSRI/SNRI antidepressant treatment on the gut microbiota of patients with major depressive disorder

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月16日

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  • Eugenia Emile Natasha,
  • Danique Mulder,
  • Leon Fehse,
  • Nils R. Winter,
  • Lukas Fisch,
  • Marius Welzel,
  • Corinna Bang,
  • Susanne Meinert,
  • Kira Flinkenflügel,
  • Tiana Borgers,
  • Janik Goltermann,
  • Elisabeth J. Leehr,
  • Carsten Culmsee,
  • Frederike Stein,
  • Florian Thomas-Odenthal,
  • Paula Usemann,
  • Lea Teutenberg,
  • Igor Nenadic,
  • Benjamin Straube,
  • Nina Alexander,
  • Hamidreza Jamalabadi,
  • Andreas Jansen,
  • Robert Nitsch,
  • Andreas Lügering,
  • Andre Franke,
  • Udo Dannlowski,
  • Tilo Kircher,
  • Dominik Heider,
  • Tim Hahn,
  • Janna N. Vrijsen,
  • Philip van Eijndhoven,
  • Indira Tendolkar,
  • Andreas Reif,
  • Sharmili Edwin Thanarajah,
  • Silke Matura,
  • Alejandro Arias Vasquez,
  • Mirjam Bloemendaal

摘要

Background

The gut microbiome has been linked to major depressive disorder (MDD), yet it remains unclear whether antidepressant treatment influences these associations. This study aimed to clarify the role of serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI/SNRI) in shaping gut microbiome changes observed in MDD.

Methods

We conducted cross-sectional analyses in two independent patient cohorts (total N = 1802) and a meta-analysis across both cohorts, comparing the gut microbiome of MDD patients with and without SSRI/SNRI treatment.

Results

Here we show that SSRI/SNRI treatment is consistently associated with reduced Clostridium sensu stricto 1 abundance. This effect is specific to SSRI/SNRI treatment and not observed with other psychotropic medications. Importantly, reductions in Clostridium sensu stricto 1 in MDD compared to unaffected controls are explained by SSRI/SNRI medication status.

Conclusions

Antidepressant treatment is an important factor shaping gut microbiome alterations linked to MDD, underscoring the need to account for medication effects and potentially informing future microbiome-based strategies to improve treatment response.