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Background: <p>Maternal diet during pregnancy may shape the child’s immune system and gut microbiota maturation, potentially influencing the risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, we examined maternal a posteriori dietary patterns during pregnancy and their associations with pediatric-onset IBD risk in offspring.</p> Methods: <p>The study comprised mother-child pairs from the Danish National Birth Cohort, which is a nationwide cohort of Danish pregnant mothers and their children, enrolled in 1996-2002 and followed prospectively through national health registers. Maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy were identified using k-means cluster analysis of 37 food group intakes, assessed with a food frequency questionnaire in gestational week 25 (second trimester). Pediatric-onset IBD cases (diagnosed at ≤18 years) were identified in Danish health registers. Cox regression explored associations between maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and risk of pediatric-onset IBD in offspring, using the most common dietary pattern as reference.</p> Results: <p>Based on analysis of 56,097 mother-child pairs, of which 161 (0.29%) offspring developed pediatric-onset IBD, we identify five distinct maternal dietary patterns: diverse (n = 8388), non-recommended (n = 14,110), Mediterranean (n = 14,700), animal-based (n = 3808), and Western (n = 15,091). Notably, a diverse dietary pattern, characterized by high intakes of most food groups, is associated with 45% lower risk of pediatric-onset IBD in offspring compared to a Western pattern (hazard ratio: 0.55; 95% confidence interval: 0.31–0.97). No significant associations are observed for the other patterns.</p> Conclusions: <p>This large prospective cohort study shows that maternal adherence to a diverse dietary pattern during pregnancy may contribute to lower risk of pediatric-onset IBD in offspring.</p>

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Maternal mid-pregnancy dietary patterns and inflammatory bowel disease in offspring from a prospective cohort study

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月29日

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  • Olivia Mariella Anneberg,
  • Sjurdur Frodi Olsen,
  • Anne Vinkel Hansen,
  • Mette Julsgaard,
  • Anne Ahrendt Bjerregaard,
  • Thorhallur Ingi Halldorsson,
  • Tine Jess,
  • Maiara Brusco De Freitas

摘要

Background:

Maternal diet during pregnancy may shape the child’s immune system and gut microbiota maturation, potentially influencing the risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, we examined maternal a posteriori dietary patterns during pregnancy and their associations with pediatric-onset IBD risk in offspring.

Methods:

The study comprised mother-child pairs from the Danish National Birth Cohort, which is a nationwide cohort of Danish pregnant mothers and their children, enrolled in 1996-2002 and followed prospectively through national health registers. Maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy were identified using k-means cluster analysis of 37 food group intakes, assessed with a food frequency questionnaire in gestational week 25 (second trimester). Pediatric-onset IBD cases (diagnosed at ≤18 years) were identified in Danish health registers. Cox regression explored associations between maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and risk of pediatric-onset IBD in offspring, using the most common dietary pattern as reference.

Results:

Based on analysis of 56,097 mother-child pairs, of which 161 (0.29%) offspring developed pediatric-onset IBD, we identify five distinct maternal dietary patterns: diverse (n = 8388), non-recommended (n = 14,110), Mediterranean (n = 14,700), animal-based (n = 3808), and Western (n = 15,091). Notably, a diverse dietary pattern, characterized by high intakes of most food groups, is associated with 45% lower risk of pediatric-onset IBD in offspring compared to a Western pattern (hazard ratio: 0.55; 95% confidence interval: 0.31–0.97). No significant associations are observed for the other patterns.

Conclusions:

This large prospective cohort study shows that maternal adherence to a diverse dietary pattern during pregnancy may contribute to lower risk of pediatric-onset IBD in offspring.