<p>This review summarizes key virological parameters of SARS-CoV-2, the clinical spectrum of COVID-19, antiviral options, resistance, and the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 during the first four years of the pandemic. It draws on evidence that has been continuously updated throughout the pandemic by the interdisciplinary working group ‘SARS-CoV-2 Diagnostics and Evolution’ at Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Germany’s national public health institute. We describe basic SARS-CoV-2 characteristics and highlight notable virus variants from 2020 to mid-2023. During this period, the nationwide collection of SARS-CoV-2 genomes provided a substantial resource for monitoring viral lineage frequencies and mutations. We summarize this dataset to underscore the importance of virological surveillance in the context of public health and pandemic preparedness.</p>

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A public health perspective of SARS-CoV-2 evolution and surveillance strategies in Germany from 2020 to 2023

  • Djin-Ye Oh,
  • Martin Hölzer,
  • Daniela Börnigen,
  • Sofia Paraskevopoulou,
  • Susanne Duwe,
  • Matthias Budt,
  • Romy Kerber,
  • Agata Mikolajewska,
  • Sindy Böttcher,
  • Janna Seifried,
  • Walter Haas,
  • Ralf Dürrwald,
  • Stephan Fuchs,
  • Stefan Kröger,
  • Max von Kleist,
  • Thorsten Wolff,
  • Martin Mielke,
  • Sébastien Calvignac-Spencer,
  • Matthew Huska,
  • Marie Lataretu,
  • Vanda Marujo,
  • Janine Michel,
  • Michaela Niebank,
  • Andreas Nitsche,
  • Aleksandar Radonic,
  • Torsten Semmler,
  • Maureen Rebecca Smith,
  • Andrea Thürmer,
  • Wiep van der Toorn

摘要

This review summarizes key virological parameters of SARS-CoV-2, the clinical spectrum of COVID-19, antiviral options, resistance, and the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 during the first four years of the pandemic. It draws on evidence that has been continuously updated throughout the pandemic by the interdisciplinary working group ‘SARS-CoV-2 Diagnostics and Evolution’ at Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Germany’s national public health institute. We describe basic SARS-CoV-2 characteristics and highlight notable virus variants from 2020 to mid-2023. During this period, the nationwide collection of SARS-CoV-2 genomes provided a substantial resource for monitoring viral lineage frequencies and mutations. We summarize this dataset to underscore the importance of virological surveillance in the context of public health and pandemic preparedness.