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Neutralizing antibodies after the third COVID-19 vaccination in healthcare workers with or without breakthrough infection

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2024年2月23日

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  • Arttu Reinholm,
  • Sari Maljanen,
  • Pinja Jalkanen,
  • Eda Altan,
  • Sisko Tauriainen,
  • Milja Belik,
  • Marika Skön,
  • Anu Haveri,
  • Pamela Österlund,
  • Alina Iakubovskaia,
  • Arja Pasternack,
  • Rauno A. Naves,
  • Olli Ritvos,
  • Simo Miettinen,
  • Hanni K. Häkkinen,
  • Lauri Ivaska,
  • Paula A. Tähtinen,
  • Johanna Lempainen,
  • Anu Kantele,
  • Laura Kakkola,
  • Ilkka Julkunen,
  • Pekka Kolehmainen

摘要

Background

Vaccinations against the SARS-CoV-2 are still crucial in combating the ongoing pandemic that has caused more than 700 million infections and claimed almost 7 million lives in the past four years. Omicron (B.1.1.529) variants have incurred mutations that challenge the protection against infection and severe disease by the current vaccines, potentially compromising vaccination efforts.

Methods

We analyzed serum samples taken up to 9 months post third dose from 432 healthcare workers. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and microneutralization tests (MNT) were used to assess the prevalence of vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies against various SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants.

Results

In this serological analysis we show that SARS-CoV-2 vaccine combinations of BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, and ChAdOx1 mount SARS-CoV-2 binding and neutralizing antibodies with similar kinetics, but with differing neutralization capabilities. The most recent Omicron variants, BQ.1.1 and XBB.1.5, show a significant increase in the ability to escape vaccine and infection-induced antibody responses. Breakthrough infections in thrice vaccinated adults were seen in over 50% of the vaccinees, resulting in a stronger antibody response than without infection.

Conclusions

Different three-dose vaccine combinations seem to induce considerable levels of neutralizing antibodies against most SARS-CoV-2 variants. However, the ability of the newer variants BQ1.1 and XBB 1.5 to escape vaccine-induced neutralizing antibody responses underlines the importance of updating vaccines as new variants emerge.