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<p>Aging impairs immune function and reduces vaccine efficacy, but whether dendritic cells (DCs), which play a central role in initiating immune responses via antigen presentation, contribute to this decline remains unclear. Through single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of lymph node changes upon vaccination in young versus aged mice, here we identify defects in DC migration during aging, alongside a dysfunction-associated gene signature in migratory DCs, and implicate these defects in the diminished vaccine response observed in aging. Furthermore, we demonstrate that oral delivery of yeast-derived nanoparticles elevates expression of the chemokine receptor CCR7 in gut dendritic cells, facilitates their trafficking to lymph nodes in response to chemotactic signals after immunization, and thus enhances vaccine-induced immunity in aged animals. These findings reveal a key mechanism of immune decline in aging and offer a noninvasive strategy to improve dendritic cell function and vaccine efficacy in aging.</p>

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Attenuating age-related decline in dendritic cell migration improves vaccine efficacy via gut-immune crosstalk

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月23日

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  • Huaxing Dai,
  • Rong Sun,
  • Bowen Xie,
  • Fang Xu,
  • Xiaoyu Yu,
  • Chenhui Weng,
  • Chenlu Yao,
  • Heng Wang,
  • Bingbing Wu,
  • Jialu Xu,
  • Yue Zhang,
  • Bo Tian,
  • Xiaolin Shi,
  • Yumin Wu,
  • Ye Liu,
  • Chao Wang

摘要

Aging impairs immune function and reduces vaccine efficacy, but whether dendritic cells (DCs), which play a central role in initiating immune responses via antigen presentation, contribute to this decline remains unclear. Through single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of lymph node changes upon vaccination in young versus aged mice, here we identify defects in DC migration during aging, alongside a dysfunction-associated gene signature in migratory DCs, and implicate these defects in the diminished vaccine response observed in aging. Furthermore, we demonstrate that oral delivery of yeast-derived nanoparticles elevates expression of the chemokine receptor CCR7 in gut dendritic cells, facilitates their trafficking to lymph nodes in response to chemotactic signals after immunization, and thus enhances vaccine-induced immunity in aged animals. These findings reveal a key mechanism of immune decline in aging and offer a noninvasive strategy to improve dendritic cell function and vaccine efficacy in aging.