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<p>Aging affects human immune system functionality, increasing susceptibility to immune-mediated diseases. While gene expression programs accurately reflect immune function, their relationship with biological immune aging and health status remains unclear. Here we developed robust, cell-type-specific aging clocks (sc-ImmuAging) for the myeloid and lymphoid immune cell populations in circulation within peripheral blood mononuclear cells, using single-cell RNA-sequencing data from 1,081 healthy individuals aged from 18 to 97 years. Application of sc-ImmuAging to transcriptome data of patients with COVID-19 revealed notable age acceleration in monocytes, which decreased during recovery. Furthermore, inter-individual variations in immune aging induced by vaccination were identified, with individuals exhibiting elevated baseline interferon response genes showing age rejuvenation in CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells after BCG vaccination. sc-ImmuAging provides a powerful tool for decoding immune aging dynamics, offering insights into age-related immune alterations and potential interventions to promote healthy aging.</p>

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Single-cell immune aging clocks reveal inter-individual heterogeneity during infection and vaccination

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月5日

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  • Wenchao Li,
  • Zhenhua Zhang,
  • Saumya Kumar,
  • Javier Botey-Bataller,
  • Martijn Zoodsma,
  • Ali Ehsani,
  • Qiuyao Zhan,
  • Ahmed Alaswad,
  • Liang Zhou,
  • Inge Grondman,
  • Valerie Koeken,
  • Jian Yang,
  • Gang Wang,
  • Sonja Volland,
  • Tania O. Crişan,
  • Leo A. B. Joosten,
  • Thomas Illig,
  • Cheng-Jian Xu,
  • Mihai G. Netea,
  • Yang Li

摘要

Aging affects human immune system functionality, increasing susceptibility to immune-mediated diseases. While gene expression programs accurately reflect immune function, their relationship with biological immune aging and health status remains unclear. Here we developed robust, cell-type-specific aging clocks (sc-ImmuAging) for the myeloid and lymphoid immune cell populations in circulation within peripheral blood mononuclear cells, using single-cell RNA-sequencing data from 1,081 healthy individuals aged from 18 to 97 years. Application of sc-ImmuAging to transcriptome data of patients with COVID-19 revealed notable age acceleration in monocytes, which decreased during recovery. Furthermore, inter-individual variations in immune aging induced by vaccination were identified, with individuals exhibiting elevated baseline interferon response genes showing age rejuvenation in CD8+ T cells after BCG vaccination. sc-ImmuAging provides a powerful tool for decoding immune aging dynamics, offering insights into age-related immune alterations and potential interventions to promote healthy aging.