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<p>Emerging pollutants in home and personal care products threaten progress toward clean water worldwide. Life cycle assessment tracks materials from production to disposal but often misses how markets, rules, and wastewater treatment evolve and shape emissions. Here we show a dual life cycle framework that links material flows from production to use with the product market from introduction to withdrawal. Applied to triclosan in China from 1970 to 2060, it shows that consumption growth driven by gross domestic product and population, moderated by regulation and expansion of wastewater treatment, reduces emissions and risk, with a brief peak around 2010. Proactive policies reduce emissions by 66.6%, and regional coordination adds a further 8.13%. Differences in chemical properties, disposal routes, and the timing of consumption and treatment call for compound specific strategies. This approach reframes pollution control from reactive cleanup to prevention.</p>

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A dual life cycle framework for proactive emerging pollutant management

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月29日

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  • Xue Zhao,
  • Fujie Zhu,
  • Lu Jiang,
  • Zhigang Li,
  • Fengjie Chen,
  • Hong Gao,
  • Jitao Lv,
  • Yawei Wang,
  • Guibin Jiang

摘要

Emerging pollutants in home and personal care products threaten progress toward clean water worldwide. Life cycle assessment tracks materials from production to disposal but often misses how markets, rules, and wastewater treatment evolve and shape emissions. Here we show a dual life cycle framework that links material flows from production to use with the product market from introduction to withdrawal. Applied to triclosan in China from 1970 to 2060, it shows that consumption growth driven by gross domestic product and population, moderated by regulation and expansion of wastewater treatment, reduces emissions and risk, with a brief peak around 2010. Proactive policies reduce emissions by 66.6%, and regional coordination adds a further 8.13%. Differences in chemical properties, disposal routes, and the timing of consumption and treatment call for compound specific strategies. This approach reframes pollution control from reactive cleanup to prevention.