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<p>Lakes are one of the most important natural sources of methane emissions, with disproportionately large contributions from small lakes. So far, the limited knowledge of the ratio between methane diffusion and ebullition from various lakes hinders the ability for detailed upscaling of methane emissions. We report one-year measurements of methane diffusive and ebullitive fluxes, together with the stable carbon isotopic composition of methane from three small temperate ponds ( &lt; 0.02 km<sup>2</sup>) with contrasting dissolved oxygen status. While ebullition was a major pathway of methane emissions from oxic ponds (79 ± 12% and 73 ± 19% of total methane fluxes), diffusion prevailed in a suboxic pond (61 ± 27%), which had the highest total fluxes. This shift in the ebullition-to-diffusion ratio was due to different extents of methane oxidation as supported by isotopic mass balance. Our results suggest that oxygen status of small ponds should be considered when upscaling methane emissions.</p>

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Dominance of methane emission pathways differs between small ponds with contrasting dissolved oxygen status

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月3日

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  • Adam Bednařík,
  • Eva Darenova

摘要

Lakes are one of the most important natural sources of methane emissions, with disproportionately large contributions from small lakes. So far, the limited knowledge of the ratio between methane diffusion and ebullition from various lakes hinders the ability for detailed upscaling of methane emissions. We report one-year measurements of methane diffusive and ebullitive fluxes, together with the stable carbon isotopic composition of methane from three small temperate ponds ( < 0.02 km2) with contrasting dissolved oxygen status. While ebullition was a major pathway of methane emissions from oxic ponds (79 ± 12% and 73 ± 19% of total methane fluxes), diffusion prevailed in a suboxic pond (61 ± 27%), which had the highest total fluxes. This shift in the ebullition-to-diffusion ratio was due to different extents of methane oxidation as supported by isotopic mass balance. Our results suggest that oxygen status of small ponds should be considered when upscaling methane emissions.