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<p>Permeability enhancement in subsurface reservoirs is commonly achieved by hydraulic or CO<sub>2</sub>-based fracturing, yet the resulting benefits are often short-lived because fracture apertures progressively close as effective stress increases. This limitation constrains the long-term performance of geothermal, carbon storage, and other subsurface energy systems. Here, we introduce CO<sub>2</sub> reactive fracturing, a coupled hydraulic–chemical stimulation strategy that creates stress-resistant flow paths by integrating CO<sub>2</sub>-driven fracture initiation with localized chemical roughening of fracture surfaces. Using true-triaxial stress experiments on porous andesitic tuff, we show that viscosity-controlled water-assisted CO<sub>2</sub> fracturing alone predominantly generates tensile, mated fractures with limited aperture stability. In contrast, introducing a shear-thinning reactive assisting fluid composed of a chelating agent and a minor fluoride source confines flow to fractures and induces localized dissolution of aluminosilicate and Fe-bearing minerals. This process increases fracture-surface roughness while suppressing reactive-fluid infiltration into the surrounding matrix, thereby enhancing aperture retention and sustaining permeability under elevated effective stress. Our results establish a general mechanism by which fracture generation and chemically induced roughening act synergistically to produce durable permeability, with broad implications for subsurface energy production and carbon storage applications.</p>

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CO2 reactive fracturing creates stress-resistant permeability by coupling fracture generation and chemical roughening

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月2日

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  • Luis Salalá,
  • Eko Pramudyo,
  • Kevin Ryano,
  • Kazumasa Sueyoshi,
  • Ryota Tamura,
  • Jiajie Wang,
  • Kiyotoshi Sakaguchi,
  • Sho Ogata,
  • Kazumi Osato,
  • Takuya Teraoka,
  • Noriaki Watanabe

摘要

Permeability enhancement in subsurface reservoirs is commonly achieved by hydraulic or CO2-based fracturing, yet the resulting benefits are often short-lived because fracture apertures progressively close as effective stress increases. This limitation constrains the long-term performance of geothermal, carbon storage, and other subsurface energy systems. Here, we introduce CO2 reactive fracturing, a coupled hydraulic–chemical stimulation strategy that creates stress-resistant flow paths by integrating CO2-driven fracture initiation with localized chemical roughening of fracture surfaces. Using true-triaxial stress experiments on porous andesitic tuff, we show that viscosity-controlled water-assisted CO2 fracturing alone predominantly generates tensile, mated fractures with limited aperture stability. In contrast, introducing a shear-thinning reactive assisting fluid composed of a chelating agent and a minor fluoride source confines flow to fractures and induces localized dissolution of aluminosilicate and Fe-bearing minerals. This process increases fracture-surface roughness while suppressing reactive-fluid infiltration into the surrounding matrix, thereby enhancing aperture retention and sustaining permeability under elevated effective stress. Our results establish a general mechanism by which fracture generation and chemically induced roughening act synergistically to produce durable permeability, with broad implications for subsurface energy production and carbon storage applications.