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<p>The global decline of aquatic macrophytes, keystone primary producers, threatens biodiversity and functional integrity in aquatic ecosystems. To address this crisis, we developed a novel bioencapsulation strategy with domesticated microorganisms and aquatic plant propagules. Multi-omics and dynamic growth modeling revealed that exogenous functional materials enhance seed germination by modulating the tricarboxylic acid cycle and isoflavonoid biosynthesis, increasing germination rates by 23.07% and vegetation coverage by 30.61–52.38%. Restructured biofilms confirmed a stable synthetic consortium between microbes and vascular plants. During 120-day trials, this symbiont achieved high-efficiency removal of chemical oxygen demand (55.00%), NH₃-N (96.63%), and PO₄-P (90.30%), while hyphal networks and microbial metabolite exchange amplified nutrient diffusion flux at sediment-water interfaces. Metagenomics indicated a 69.91–73.99% upregulation of methane oxidation genes, reducing emissions by 57.73%. This system enables dual-phase ecological engineering: artificial symbiotic granules aid macrophyte recolonization and alter the cycling processes of nutrient elements.</p>

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Artificial symbiotic granules drive synergistic water purification and methane mitigation

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月20日

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  • Hongwei Yu,
  • Jingwen Li,
  • Yuyang Kang,
  • Yu Cheng,
  • He Ji,
  • Zhenao Gu,
  • Jing Qi,
  • Baiwen Ma,
  • Haijun Wang,
  • Chengzhi Hu,
  • Jiuhui Qu

摘要

The global decline of aquatic macrophytes, keystone primary producers, threatens biodiversity and functional integrity in aquatic ecosystems. To address this crisis, we developed a novel bioencapsulation strategy with domesticated microorganisms and aquatic plant propagules. Multi-omics and dynamic growth modeling revealed that exogenous functional materials enhance seed germination by modulating the tricarboxylic acid cycle and isoflavonoid biosynthesis, increasing germination rates by 23.07% and vegetation coverage by 30.61–52.38%. Restructured biofilms confirmed a stable synthetic consortium between microbes and vascular plants. During 120-day trials, this symbiont achieved high-efficiency removal of chemical oxygen demand (55.00%), NH₃-N (96.63%), and PO₄-P (90.30%), while hyphal networks and microbial metabolite exchange amplified nutrient diffusion flux at sediment-water interfaces. Metagenomics indicated a 69.91–73.99% upregulation of methane oxidation genes, reducing emissions by 57.73%. This system enables dual-phase ecological engineering: artificial symbiotic granules aid macrophyte recolonization and alter the cycling processes of nutrient elements.