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<p>Understanding how biodiversity patterns vary with depth is essential for interpreting global marine diversity. Here, we integrate occurrence records and model-based predictions to examine sea urchin diversity patterns, biogeographic structure, and their drivers across bathymetric zones. Sea urchins exhibit a conserved bimodal latitudinal diversity pattern with subtropical peaks across depths. However, the environmental mechanisms underlying this pattern shift from temperature-dominated controls in shallow waters to multi-factor, depth-constrained drivers in deep waters. Deep-water assemblages further display greater biogeographic fragmentation, characterized by broader latitudinal but narrower longitudinal ranges, possibly mediated through integrations among environment, seafloor topography, and life-history characteristics. In the North Atlantic, shallow-water assemblages affiliate with Indo-Pacific realms, whereas deep-water assemblages align with American realms, reflecting depth-dependent evolutionary histories. These findings demonstrate that depth mediates shifts in the mechanisms, composition, and spatial organization of benthic biodiversity, highlighting the importance of incorporating bathymetric processes into global marine biodiversity assessments and conservation planning.</p>

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Global sea urchin diversity patterns reveal shifts between shallow-water and deep-water benthic assemblages

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月2日

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  • Lin He,
  • Jiao Cheng,
  • Ning Xiao,
  • Min Hui,
  • Zhongli Sha

摘要

Understanding how biodiversity patterns vary with depth is essential for interpreting global marine diversity. Here, we integrate occurrence records and model-based predictions to examine sea urchin diversity patterns, biogeographic structure, and their drivers across bathymetric zones. Sea urchins exhibit a conserved bimodal latitudinal diversity pattern with subtropical peaks across depths. However, the environmental mechanisms underlying this pattern shift from temperature-dominated controls in shallow waters to multi-factor, depth-constrained drivers in deep waters. Deep-water assemblages further display greater biogeographic fragmentation, characterized by broader latitudinal but narrower longitudinal ranges, possibly mediated through integrations among environment, seafloor topography, and life-history characteristics. In the North Atlantic, shallow-water assemblages affiliate with Indo-Pacific realms, whereas deep-water assemblages align with American realms, reflecting depth-dependent evolutionary histories. These findings demonstrate that depth mediates shifts in the mechanisms, composition, and spatial organization of benthic biodiversity, highlighting the importance of incorporating bathymetric processes into global marine biodiversity assessments and conservation planning.