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<p>Middle-income countries face challenges in achieving diets that are both nutritionally adequate and environmentally sustainable, while income-related dietary heterogeneity adds uncertainty to population-wide dietary transitions. Here we investigate how income inequality shapes long-term dietary transitions from nutritional and environmental perspectives. We project Brazilian dietary patterns from 2020 to 2100 in scenario-based income pathways by integrating national-representative survey data with nutritional and environmental databases. We find that reducing income inequality improves dietary nutritional quality by 5.7%, and avoids 40-50% of the increase in dietary environmental impacts projected under income-inequality-increasing scenarios by 2100. However, inequality reduction is associated with a short-term worsening of dietary environmental impacts, with an average deterioration of 2.2% relative to the baseline scenario. These results highlight a trade-off between short-term environmental pressures and long-term nutrition and sustainability benefits, underscoring that income inequality reduction alone is insufficient and should be complemented by broader policy packages to promote dietary transitions.</p>

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Income inequality reduction as a pathway to sustainable and healthy dietary transitions in Brazil

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月30日

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  • Junwen Jia,
  • Xiaoxi Wang,
  • Pan He,
  • Antonio A. R. Ioris

摘要

Middle-income countries face challenges in achieving diets that are both nutritionally adequate and environmentally sustainable, while income-related dietary heterogeneity adds uncertainty to population-wide dietary transitions. Here we investigate how income inequality shapes long-term dietary transitions from nutritional and environmental perspectives. We project Brazilian dietary patterns from 2020 to 2100 in scenario-based income pathways by integrating national-representative survey data with nutritional and environmental databases. We find that reducing income inequality improves dietary nutritional quality by 5.7%, and avoids 40-50% of the increase in dietary environmental impacts projected under income-inequality-increasing scenarios by 2100. However, inequality reduction is associated with a short-term worsening of dietary environmental impacts, with an average deterioration of 2.2% relative to the baseline scenario. These results highlight a trade-off between short-term environmental pressures and long-term nutrition and sustainability benefits, underscoring that income inequality reduction alone is insufficient and should be complemented by broader policy packages to promote dietary transitions.