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<p>Effective co-control of air pollution and carbon emissions yields substantial environmental and climate benefits, yet direct observational evidence of policy impacts remains scarce. Here we use tree-ring radiocarbon to reconstruct annual fossil fuel carbon dioxide concentrations from 2000 to 2021 in Beijing and Xi’an, China. These data, combined with records of fine particles, black carbon, and carbon monoxide, reveal their initial parallel rises, followed by substantial declines after 2013 clean air action plans. From 2013 to 2021, ratios of fine particles, black carbon, and carbon monoxide enhancement to fossil fuel carbon dioxide fell by 58 ± 25%, 54 ± 19%, and 44 ± 19% in Beijing, and 36 ± 21%, 56 ± 10%, and 65 ± 24% in Xi’an, respectively. These trends provide observational evidence of co-benefits achieved through integrated air quality and carbon mitigation policies, highlighting the value of tree-ring radiocarbon for evaluating emission dynamics and policy effectiveness.</p>

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Synergistic reductions in fine particles and fossil fuel carbon dioxide revealed by tree-ring radiocarbon analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月28日

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  • Yao Qu,
  • Zhenchuan Niu,
  • Weijian Zhou,
  • Yunfei Huang,
  • Sen Wang,
  • Xue Feng,
  • Guiqian Zhang,
  • Xuefeng Lu,
  • Jocelyn C. Turnbull,
  • Xiangrui Kong

摘要

Effective co-control of air pollution and carbon emissions yields substantial environmental and climate benefits, yet direct observational evidence of policy impacts remains scarce. Here we use tree-ring radiocarbon to reconstruct annual fossil fuel carbon dioxide concentrations from 2000 to 2021 in Beijing and Xi’an, China. These data, combined with records of fine particles, black carbon, and carbon monoxide, reveal their initial parallel rises, followed by substantial declines after 2013 clean air action plans. From 2013 to 2021, ratios of fine particles, black carbon, and carbon monoxide enhancement to fossil fuel carbon dioxide fell by 58 ± 25%, 54 ± 19%, and 44 ± 19% in Beijing, and 36 ± 21%, 56 ± 10%, and 65 ± 24% in Xi’an, respectively. These trends provide observational evidence of co-benefits achieved through integrated air quality and carbon mitigation policies, highlighting the value of tree-ring radiocarbon for evaluating emission dynamics and policy effectiveness.