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<p>Late Triassic was critical in paving the age of dinosaurs and emergence of modern ecosystems. The end-Triassic mass extinction ( ~201 Ma) was triggered by warming, linked to massive volcanism, yet evidence suggests freezing conditions prevailed before this event. Here, we reconstruct the palaeoelevation of southern Altaids (Central Asian Orogenic Belt) during Late Triassic (ca. 204.6‒201.9 Ma) using hydrogen isotopes of <i>n</i>-alkanes and a novel ultraviolet-B proxy of pollen. The results show that the Junggar Basin and surrounding mountains reached palaeoelevations of 3,028‒4,050 m. This high-altitude setting subjected alpine flora to severe stress, evidenced by malformed pollen grains and elevated ultraviolet-absorbing compounds in sporopollenin. These findings indicate a Tibetan-style “Altaid Plateau” was formed by the amalgamations of the Tarim, European, and Siberian cratons, which catalysed mountain glaciation and alpine ecosystems. In summary, the uplift of the Altaid Plateau reset the Earth’s climate and regional ecosystem, connecting global cooling with monsoon intensification.</p><p></p>

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Altaid Plateau forced Late Triassic Earth’s freezing state

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月1日

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  • Qigui Mao,
  • Meng Zhang,
  • Zhong-Qiang Chen,
  • Michael J. Benton,
  • Dunfeng Xiang,
  • Chihao Chen,
  • Jun Hu,
  • Qingqing Qiao,
  • Songjian Ao,
  • Dongfang Song,
  • Rui Li,
  • Hao Wang,
  • Miao Sang,
  • Zhou Tan,
  • Yuangeng Huang,
  • Zhen Guo,
  • Ziheng Li,
  • Xincheng Qiu,
  • Wenjiao Xiao

摘要

Late Triassic was critical in paving the age of dinosaurs and emergence of modern ecosystems. The end-Triassic mass extinction ( ~201 Ma) was triggered by warming, linked to massive volcanism, yet evidence suggests freezing conditions prevailed before this event. Here, we reconstruct the palaeoelevation of southern Altaids (Central Asian Orogenic Belt) during Late Triassic (ca. 204.6‒201.9 Ma) using hydrogen isotopes of n-alkanes and a novel ultraviolet-B proxy of pollen. The results show that the Junggar Basin and surrounding mountains reached palaeoelevations of 3,028‒4,050 m. This high-altitude setting subjected alpine flora to severe stress, evidenced by malformed pollen grains and elevated ultraviolet-absorbing compounds in sporopollenin. These findings indicate a Tibetan-style “Altaid Plateau” was formed by the amalgamations of the Tarim, European, and Siberian cratons, which catalysed mountain glaciation and alpine ecosystems. In summary, the uplift of the Altaid Plateau reset the Earth’s climate and regional ecosystem, connecting global cooling with monsoon intensification.