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<p>The Miocene Climatic Optimum was characterized by global mean temperatures 8-10 °C above the preindustrial level, yet such extreme warmth remains difficult to reproduce in climate models. Using two climate models (IPSL-CM5A2 and NorESM1-F) with updated boundary conditions, we show that the simulated climate of this interval strongly depends on ocean-ice dynamics. The NorESM1-F model produces surface temperatures more consistent with proxy reconstructions, driven by a stronger overturning circulation, enhanced poleward heat and salt transport, and near-permanent sea-ice loss. In contrast, IPSL-CM5A2 simulates a weaker overturning circulation and limited polar amplification, which is generally consistent with previous modeling results. Our results suggest that the Miocene Climatic Optimum may represent a distinct high-latitude climate regime, emphasizing the critical role of ocean–ice feedbacks in driving the strong polar amplification and the necessity of multi-model comparisons together with proxy constraints to understand the climate of this interval.</p>

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A critical role of ocean–sea ice interactions in the pronounced warmth during the Miocene Climatic Optimum

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月2日

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  • Ning Tan,
  • Frédéric Fluteau,
  • Zhongshi Zhang,
  • Gilles Ramstein,
  • Chuncheng Guo,
  • Pierre Sepulchre,
  • Zhilin He,
  • Zijian Zhang,
  • Zhengtang Guo

摘要

The Miocene Climatic Optimum was characterized by global mean temperatures 8-10 °C above the preindustrial level, yet such extreme warmth remains difficult to reproduce in climate models. Using two climate models (IPSL-CM5A2 and NorESM1-F) with updated boundary conditions, we show that the simulated climate of this interval strongly depends on ocean-ice dynamics. The NorESM1-F model produces surface temperatures more consistent with proxy reconstructions, driven by a stronger overturning circulation, enhanced poleward heat and salt transport, and near-permanent sea-ice loss. In contrast, IPSL-CM5A2 simulates a weaker overturning circulation and limited polar amplification, which is generally consistent with previous modeling results. Our results suggest that the Miocene Climatic Optimum may represent a distinct high-latitude climate regime, emphasizing the critical role of ocean–ice feedbacks in driving the strong polar amplification and the necessity of multi-model comparisons together with proxy constraints to understand the climate of this interval.