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<p>Methane mole fractions have been continuously measured since 2018 at Plateau Rosa, a background station in the north-western Italian Alps at 3480 m a.m.s.l., showing a persistent increase in methane over time. Here, we use the methane record to validate the high-resolution transport model FLEXPART coupled with the output of the numerical weather prediction model COSMO for complex alpine terrain and to identify European source regions affecting measurements at the stations. Comparison between simulated methane mole fraction contributions and observed increments indicate that summer advection of methane-rich air masses was not fully captured by the model, and most pollution events were underestimated in magnitude. The Po Valley, just below the Alps and with major urban and industrial activities, is the region affecting most pollution events, mainly from agriculture, while&#xa0;contributions from fuel exploitation increased when air originated from Germany, Poland, Czechia, the Netherlands, and the UK.</p>

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Methane record at Plateau Rosa confirms its role as background station with episodic sensitivity to European emissions

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月12日

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  • Giulia Zazzeri,
  • Francesco Apadula,
  • Stephan Henne,
  • Andrea Lanza

摘要

Methane mole fractions have been continuously measured since 2018 at Plateau Rosa, a background station in the north-western Italian Alps at 3480 m a.m.s.l., showing a persistent increase in methane over time. Here, we use the methane record to validate the high-resolution transport model FLEXPART coupled with the output of the numerical weather prediction model COSMO for complex alpine terrain and to identify European source regions affecting measurements at the stations. Comparison between simulated methane mole fraction contributions and observed increments indicate that summer advection of methane-rich air masses was not fully captured by the model, and most pollution events were underestimated in magnitude. The Po Valley, just below the Alps and with major urban and industrial activities, is the region affecting most pollution events, mainly from agriculture, while contributions from fuel exploitation increased when air originated from Germany, Poland, Czechia, the Netherlands, and the UK.