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<p>The spatial heterogeneity of meteoroid impact flux has shaped the space weathering environment across the lunar surface, driving key evolutionary processes such as crater degradation, regolith gardening, and soil grain exposure. This study investigates the spatial weathering environment of the Chang’E-6 (CE-6) landing site using a comprehensive approach combining remote sensing analysis, gardening simulations, and soil measurements. Our results reveal that meteoroid fluxes at sub-meter scales exhibit remarkable similarity between the lunar nearside and farside over million-year timescales, resulting in analogous regolith gardening and crater degradation patterns. Lunar soil samples primarily originate from an impact ~17.5 Myr ago. Soil gardening simulations estimate a grain exposure duration of ~1.54 Myr, consistent with the measured exposure age of 1.76 ± 0.88 Myr. These findings demonstrate that the exposure history of CE-6 lunar soil grains is principally governed by the most recent major impact event.</p>

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Meteoroid flux at sub-meter scales is homogeneous across the Lunar nearside and farside

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月20日

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  • Renrui Liu,
  • Sizhe Zhao,
  • Yi Xu,
  • Qiquan Yang,
  • Xiaoping Zhang,
  • Chenkun Sun,
  • Pengwei Luo,
  • Rui Chen,
  • Yanyan Xu,
  • Xindong Meng,
  • Jiahui Liu,
  • Yun Qin,
  • Yang Li

摘要

The spatial heterogeneity of meteoroid impact flux has shaped the space weathering environment across the lunar surface, driving key evolutionary processes such as crater degradation, regolith gardening, and soil grain exposure. This study investigates the spatial weathering environment of the Chang’E-6 (CE-6) landing site using a comprehensive approach combining remote sensing analysis, gardening simulations, and soil measurements. Our results reveal that meteoroid fluxes at sub-meter scales exhibit remarkable similarity between the lunar nearside and farside over million-year timescales, resulting in analogous regolith gardening and crater degradation patterns. Lunar soil samples primarily originate from an impact ~17.5 Myr ago. Soil gardening simulations estimate a grain exposure duration of ~1.54 Myr, consistent with the measured exposure age of 1.76 ± 0.88 Myr. These findings demonstrate that the exposure history of CE-6 lunar soil grains is principally governed by the most recent major impact event.