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<p>Soil extracellular enzymes are critical drivers of carbon (C) and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the effects of phosphorus (P) additions on soil enzyme activities and stoichiometries, particularly under varying nitrogen (N) addition regimes worldwide, are not well comprehended. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis based on 155 field studies across various ecosystems (forests, croplands and grasslands), which&#xa0;shows that P enrichment conditions enhances C-acquiring enzymes but has no effect on the enzymatic C:N ratio. P addition alone reduces P-acquiring enzymes by 14% without affecting N-acquiring enzymes. In contrast, P combined with N addition boosts N-acquiring enzymes by 21% while leaving P-acquiring enzymes unchanged. Notably, the combined effect of P and N addition on microbial C limitation (assessed via vector length) and enzymatic stoichiometries is less pronounced than that of P addition alone. Key drivers of these responses include mean annual precipitation, soil microbial biomass, and its stoichiometries. These results suggest that N addition mitigates the stoichiometric imbalance and microbial C limitation induced by P addition, potentially promoting soil organic C accumulation. Our findings emphasize the critical need to account for such interactive effects in models predicting soil biogeochemical cycles under future changes in global exogenous N and P inputs.</p>

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Nitrogen deposition alleviates phosphorus-induced imbalances in soil enzyme stoichiometry

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月23日

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  • Huihui Liu,
  • Tingting Ren,
  • Jiahui Liao,
  • Han Y. H. Chen,
  • Xiaoming Zou,
  • Honghua Ruan

摘要

Soil extracellular enzymes are critical drivers of carbon (C) and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the effects of phosphorus (P) additions on soil enzyme activities and stoichiometries, particularly under varying nitrogen (N) addition regimes worldwide, are not well comprehended. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis based on 155 field studies across various ecosystems (forests, croplands and grasslands), which shows that P enrichment conditions enhances C-acquiring enzymes but has no effect on the enzymatic C:N ratio. P addition alone reduces P-acquiring enzymes by 14% without affecting N-acquiring enzymes. In contrast, P combined with N addition boosts N-acquiring enzymes by 21% while leaving P-acquiring enzymes unchanged. Notably, the combined effect of P and N addition on microbial C limitation (assessed via vector length) and enzymatic stoichiometries is less pronounced than that of P addition alone. Key drivers of these responses include mean annual precipitation, soil microbial biomass, and its stoichiometries. These results suggest that N addition mitigates the stoichiometric imbalance and microbial C limitation induced by P addition, potentially promoting soil organic C accumulation. Our findings emphasize the critical need to account for such interactive effects in models predicting soil biogeochemical cycles under future changes in global exogenous N and P inputs.