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<p>Post-seismic processes of moderate earthquakes are often overlooked due to their limited rupture extent and uncertainties in source parameters and aftershock catalogs, leading many studies to assume a single triggering mechanism. Following the 2023 M<sub>s</sub> 6.2 Jishishan earthquake, we identified contrasting triggering processes on the main fault and its conjugate structure. Source modeling shows that aftershocks on the main fault were primarily driven by static stress changes, whereas those on the conjugate fault displayed pronounced spatiotemporal migration. Mainshock-induced volumetric strain elevated pore pressure and enhanced permeability in the hanging wall of the Y-shaped thrust system, facilitating fluid infiltration into the fault. The resulting pore-pressure changes, amplified by coseismic strain, jointly triggered the aftershock sequence&#xa0;on the conjugate-fault. Our results demonstrate that even moderate earthquakes can activate multiple, interacting triggering mechanisms, underscoring the dynamic interplay between crustal&#xa0;stress evolution and subsurface fluid flow.</p>

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Interaction of multiple triggering mechanisms during the 2023 Jishishan earthquake sequence

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月11日

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  • Zhe Zhang,
  • Xiaofen Zhao,
  • Chunyu Liu,
  • Yueyang Xia,
  • Jiuyuan Yang,
  • Guangyao Cai,
  • Yijun Liu

摘要

Post-seismic processes of moderate earthquakes are often overlooked due to their limited rupture extent and uncertainties in source parameters and aftershock catalogs, leading many studies to assume a single triggering mechanism. Following the 2023 Ms 6.2 Jishishan earthquake, we identified contrasting triggering processes on the main fault and its conjugate structure. Source modeling shows that aftershocks on the main fault were primarily driven by static stress changes, whereas those on the conjugate fault displayed pronounced spatiotemporal migration. Mainshock-induced volumetric strain elevated pore pressure and enhanced permeability in the hanging wall of the Y-shaped thrust system, facilitating fluid infiltration into the fault. The resulting pore-pressure changes, amplified by coseismic strain, jointly triggered the aftershock sequence on the conjugate-fault. Our results demonstrate that even moderate earthquakes can activate multiple, interacting triggering mechanisms, underscoring the dynamic interplay between crustal stress evolution and subsurface fluid flow.