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<p>Atmospheric and marine heatwaves are intensifying under climate change, increasingly co-occurring with significant impacts on ecosystems and society. Despite their significance, the effects of their concurrence remain poorly understood, particularly the influence on air-sea heat exchange—a key driver of weather patterns and climate variability. Using ERA5 reanalysis data (1940–2022), here we analyse heat flux variations and the marine heatwave intensification during concurrent atmospheric and marine heatwaves in the Mediterranean, a climate change hotspot. We find a sharp increase in latent heat release from the ocean to the atmosphere after concurrence end. This could be linked to the observed marine heatwave intensity dissipation at concurrence end. This effect has strengthened over recent decades, suggesting a transient thermoregulation mechanism linked to atmospheric blocking and ocean stratification changes. Our findings underscore the crucial role of air-sea interactions in modulating marine heatwave dynamics, with implications for climate projections and extreme event predictability.</p>

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Concurrent atmospheric heatwaves intensify marine heatwaves through air-sea heat flux change in the Mediterranean Sea

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月6日

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  • Laura Paredes-Fortuny,
  • Francisco Pastor,
  • Samira Khodayar

摘要

Atmospheric and marine heatwaves are intensifying under climate change, increasingly co-occurring with significant impacts on ecosystems and society. Despite their significance, the effects of their concurrence remain poorly understood, particularly the influence on air-sea heat exchange—a key driver of weather patterns and climate variability. Using ERA5 reanalysis data (1940–2022), here we analyse heat flux variations and the marine heatwave intensification during concurrent atmospheric and marine heatwaves in the Mediterranean, a climate change hotspot. We find a sharp increase in latent heat release from the ocean to the atmosphere after concurrence end. This could be linked to the observed marine heatwave intensity dissipation at concurrence end. This effect has strengthened over recent decades, suggesting a transient thermoregulation mechanism linked to atmospheric blocking and ocean stratification changes. Our findings underscore the crucial role of air-sea interactions in modulating marine heatwave dynamics, with implications for climate projections and extreme event predictability.