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<p>The first-order configuration of the Himalayan orogen is defined by northward motion of the Indian plate, whether directly underplating Tibetan crust or subducting beneath a mantle wedge. Here we used 3D S-wave receiver-functions from 462 seismic stations across southern Tibet and show orogen-perpendicular tearing of the Indian plate. West of 90°E, the southern limit of the Tibetan lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary is at the Indian crustal front, ~100-km north of the Yarlung-Zangbo suture, implying underplating of intact Indian lithosphere beneath Tibet. Further east, Indian lithospheric mantle delaminates from Indian crust, likely by gravitationally-induced rollback, separated from Indian crust by a wedge of asthenosphere between Indian crust and Indian mantle lithosphere. Nascent Tibetan lithosphere and its subjacent thin asthenosphere continue to ~100 km south of the Yarlung-Zangbo suture. This contrast in lithospheric structures at 90–92°E (across the Yadong-Gulu and Cona-Sangri rifts), in agreement with helium isotopes and intermediate-depth earthquakes, suggests the subducting Indian plate is torn along the convergence direction.</p><p></p>

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The Indian Plate subducting below the Tibet Plateau is tearing apart

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月2日

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  • Lin Liu,
  • Danian Shi,
  • Simon L. Klemperer

摘要

The first-order configuration of the Himalayan orogen is defined by northward motion of the Indian plate, whether directly underplating Tibetan crust or subducting beneath a mantle wedge. Here we used 3D S-wave receiver-functions from 462 seismic stations across southern Tibet and show orogen-perpendicular tearing of the Indian plate. West of 90°E, the southern limit of the Tibetan lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary is at the Indian crustal front, ~100-km north of the Yarlung-Zangbo suture, implying underplating of intact Indian lithosphere beneath Tibet. Further east, Indian lithospheric mantle delaminates from Indian crust, likely by gravitationally-induced rollback, separated from Indian crust by a wedge of asthenosphere between Indian crust and Indian mantle lithosphere. Nascent Tibetan lithosphere and its subjacent thin asthenosphere continue to ~100 km south of the Yarlung-Zangbo suture. This contrast in lithospheric structures at 90–92°E (across the Yadong-Gulu and Cona-Sangri rifts), in agreement with helium isotopes and intermediate-depth earthquakes, suggests the subducting Indian plate is torn along the convergence direction.