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<p>Anthropogenic activities such as hydraulic fracturing (HF) can trigger destructive earthquakes, the triggering mechanisms of which are still in debate. We utilize near-fault seismic recordings to study the preparatory phase of the 2019 <i>M</i><sub><i>L</i></sub> 5.6 earthquake in the Weiyuan shale gas field (WSGF), Sichuan Basin, China, which struck 3 months after stimulation completion. This is one of the largest HF-triggered earthquakes worldwide. We observed an 11-month-long precursory fault activation, during which continuous seismicity illuminated the fault plane and provided warnings for a potential destructive earthquake. The fault activation is a consequence of injections in multiple HF well pads, with a variety of mechanisms at play. Numerical simulation reveals that the occurrence of the mainshock involves stress perturbation from post-injection aseismic slip. This work promotes our understanding of HF-induced earthquakes and suggests incorporating long-term near-fault observations and taking post-injection aseismic slip into account for effective hazard management.</p>

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The 11-month precursory fault activation of the 2019 ML 5.6 earthquake in the Weiyuan shale gas field, China

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月3日

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  • Jinping Zi,
  • Yuyun Yang,
  • Hongfeng Yang,
  • Jinrong Su

摘要

Anthropogenic activities such as hydraulic fracturing (HF) can trigger destructive earthquakes, the triggering mechanisms of which are still in debate. We utilize near-fault seismic recordings to study the preparatory phase of the 2019 ML 5.6 earthquake in the Weiyuan shale gas field (WSGF), Sichuan Basin, China, which struck 3 months after stimulation completion. This is one of the largest HF-triggered earthquakes worldwide. We observed an 11-month-long precursory fault activation, during which continuous seismicity illuminated the fault plane and provided warnings for a potential destructive earthquake. The fault activation is a consequence of injections in multiple HF well pads, with a variety of mechanisms at play. Numerical simulation reveals that the occurrence of the mainshock involves stress perturbation from post-injection aseismic slip. This work promotes our understanding of HF-induced earthquakes and suggests incorporating long-term near-fault observations and taking post-injection aseismic slip into account for effective hazard management.