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<p>A unique mixture of metal oxides yields high-entropy metal oxide (HEMO) nanoparticles (NPs) with diverse functional properties; however, their scalable synthesis remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate a rapid (ms) and environmentally friendly method for synthesizing HEMO NPs directly from bulk metal oxides (MOs) particles using a shock tube as a wave reactor. The shock tube generates controlled shock waves that heat the argon-driven gas adiabatically at ~10<sup>6 </sup>K/s within 2-3 ms, enabling temperature control from 800 K to 15000 K. By leveraging the extreme conditions created by shock waves, we synthesize (CoCuMgNiZn)O HEMO NPs at ~6278 K and ~27-29 bar. The process subjects bulk MOs to two consecutive shocks. The initial shock fuses the precursor MO particles into a metastable state, while the subsequent shock drives the transition to single-phase, crystalline HEMO NPs with a rock-salt (Fm-3m) structure and an average particle size of 60 nm. The green metrics of HEMO synthesis obtained using this shock-tube method are qualitatively discussed.</p>

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Synthesis of high-entropy metal oxide nanoparticles in milliseconds

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月23日

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  • Ramesh Sengottaiyan,
  • Vijayanand Chandrasekaran

摘要

A unique mixture of metal oxides yields high-entropy metal oxide (HEMO) nanoparticles (NPs) with diverse functional properties; however, their scalable synthesis remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate a rapid (ms) and environmentally friendly method for synthesizing HEMO NPs directly from bulk metal oxides (MOs) particles using a shock tube as a wave reactor. The shock tube generates controlled shock waves that heat the argon-driven gas adiabatically at ~106 K/s within 2-3 ms, enabling temperature control from 800 K to 15000 K. By leveraging the extreme conditions created by shock waves, we synthesize (CoCuMgNiZn)O HEMO NPs at ~6278 K and ~27-29 bar. The process subjects bulk MOs to two consecutive shocks. The initial shock fuses the precursor MO particles into a metastable state, while the subsequent shock drives the transition to single-phase, crystalline HEMO NPs with a rock-salt (Fm-3m) structure and an average particle size of 60 nm. The green metrics of HEMO synthesis obtained using this shock-tube method are qualitatively discussed.